“…Gender has a strong empirical relationship, in favor of males, with spatial skills and visualization (Linn & Peterson, 1985;Terlecki & Newcombe, 2005;Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). The male spatial advantage has been shown to be exaggerated in virtual environments Space, 2001;University of Washington, 2001;Waller, 2000;Waller, Knapp, & Hunt, 1999), and particularly in VEs that present complex technical spaces (Ausburn, Martens, Washington, Steele, & Washburn, 2009). also found a relationship between gender and navigational performance in a complex DVE.…”