“…Hence, the reinforcing efficiency factor ( η ) of 3D spacer fabric can be derived according to Han et al. [18] where σs is the maximum stress induced in spacer yarns, θ is the orientation angle of spacer yarn with regard to the load direction, and σTCR is the flexural strength of the TRC sample. Figure 5.Load–deflection diagrams based on three-point bending test.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hane et al. [18] investigated the influence of geometric patterns of 3D spacer fabric on tensile behavior of concrete canvas. They used five different 3D woven fabrics to reinforce concrete.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Consequently, extensive studies have been carried out on behavior of the cementitious composites reinforced with 3D fabrics, which demonstrated the potential of this kind of reinforcement in cement products [14][15][16][17]. Hane et al [18] investigated the influence of geometric patterns of 3D spacer fabric on tensile behavior of concrete canvas. They used five different 3D woven fabrics to reinforce concrete.…”
In this study, the influence of 3D fabric on the flexural behavior of cementitious composites has been investigated. Three 3D fabric samples were produced with different spacer yarn orientation angles of 65°, 55°, and 47°. The cementitious matrix was fabricated by cement and waste stone powder. After casting of all samples, flexural test was carried out on all specimens. Results showed that cementitious sample reinforced by 3D fabric with less spacer yarn orientation angle proposed the highest flexural strength among all samples (reinforced and unreinforced samples). Moreover, finite element method was used to predict the flexural behavior of textile reinforced concrete. Finite element method results showed good agreement with the experimental data. Consequently, the maximum spacer yarn stress derived by finite element analysis was used to calculate the efficiency reinforcement factor for all the textile reinforced concrete samples.
“…Hence, the reinforcing efficiency factor ( η ) of 3D spacer fabric can be derived according to Han et al. [18] where σs is the maximum stress induced in spacer yarns, θ is the orientation angle of spacer yarn with regard to the load direction, and σTCR is the flexural strength of the TRC sample. Figure 5.Load–deflection diagrams based on three-point bending test.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hane et al. [18] investigated the influence of geometric patterns of 3D spacer fabric on tensile behavior of concrete canvas. They used five different 3D woven fabrics to reinforce concrete.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Consequently, extensive studies have been carried out on behavior of the cementitious composites reinforced with 3D fabrics, which demonstrated the potential of this kind of reinforcement in cement products [14][15][16][17]. Hane et al [18] investigated the influence of geometric patterns of 3D spacer fabric on tensile behavior of concrete canvas. They used five different 3D woven fabrics to reinforce concrete.…”
In this study, the influence of 3D fabric on the flexural behavior of cementitious composites has been investigated. Three 3D fabric samples were produced with different spacer yarn orientation angles of 65°, 55°, and 47°. The cementitious matrix was fabricated by cement and waste stone powder. After casting of all samples, flexural test was carried out on all specimens. Results showed that cementitious sample reinforced by 3D fabric with less spacer yarn orientation angle proposed the highest flexural strength among all samples (reinforced and unreinforced samples). Moreover, finite element method was used to predict the flexural behavior of textile reinforced concrete. Finite element method results showed good agreement with the experimental data. Consequently, the maximum spacer yarn stress derived by finite element analysis was used to calculate the efficiency reinforcement factor for all the textile reinforced concrete samples.
“…13 In the current commercially available CC product, calcium aluminate cement (CAC) powder is used as the matrix, 9 and can produce high mechanical performance in the early stage and better setting properties. But, as Juenger et al 14 have demonstrated, the hydration product of CAC cement at ambient temperature is CAH 10 . The metastable hydrates CAH 10 (density 1720 kg/m 3 ) and C 2 AH 8 (density 1950 kg/m 3 ) can transit to the stable C 3 AH 6 (density 2520 kg/m 3 ) with an increase in temperature or during the curing process, as shown in Figure 1.…”
A carefully designed formulation of dry cement powder for concrete canvas, which is expected to have both high mechanical strengths and short setting times, is obtained by partially replacing calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) with anhydrite at four levels (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by mass of CSA cement). The influence of anhydrite fineness on the mechanical properties of concrete canvas and its mechanical anisotropy are both investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis and isothermal calorimetry are used to investigate the underlying mechanism. Results reveal that increasing anhydrite content or fineness improve the mechanical strengths of concrete canvas and shortened its setting times. However, a slight decrease of mechanical strength occurs at the later age when the replacement level was 30 wt%. A large amount of unhydrated particles is found in hardened specimens. The concrete canvas shows higher mechanical strengths in the warp direction than in the weft direction, and it exhibits the lowest compressive strength in the through-the-thickness direction.
ABSTRACT In this study, different combinations of non-woven fabric, glass fiber fabrics, and carbon fiber woven fabrics are needle punched, and are then laminated with 3D fabrics. These materials are impregnated in a two-package PU blowing agent in order to form 3D fabric/PU foam composites. Bursting strength test, compression test, dart drop test, and sound absorption test are used to evaluate the effect of the skin fabrics on the properties of 3D/PU foam composites. The test results suggest that the skin fabrics containing nonwoven fabrics and carbon fiber woven fabrics have an optimal bursting strength of 4320.9 N. The skin fabrics that are composed of nonwoven fabrics and glass fiber woven fabrics have an optimal compressive strength of 15 MPa. The drop-weight impact test results indicate that skin fabric containing nonwoven fabrics and glass fiber woven fabrics have a residual stress of 540.8 N, moreover, this skin fabric also attain an optimal sound absorption coefficient of 0.9. Therefore, having composite fabrics as the skin layer is conducive for the mechanical properties and sound absorption coefficient of PU foam materials. In addition, the proposed 3D/PU foam composites can be mechanically reinforced, and the disadvantages of their constituent 3D fabrics can also be improved. The skin composite fabrics are adjustable for possible clinical applications, and provide the 3D/PU foam composites with diversity of applications, such as building materials and protective materials.
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