Influences of glycine and neuron R14 on contraction of the anterior aorta of Aplysia.

Sawada, Masashi; McAdoo, David J.; Ichinose, Mitsuyuki; Price, Christopher H.

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.34.747

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In addition to its role in protein metabolism as the structurally simplest amino acid, glycine also serves as an important and widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system of animals from several phyla (Werman et al, 1968; Sawada et al, 1980, 1984; Mladinic et al, 1999 reviewed in Walker and Holden-Dye, 1991; Walker et al, 1996). While its role in adult neurotransmission is relatively well characterized, less is known about glycinergic signaling during development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The specification of glycinergic neurons and the role of glycinergic transmission in development

Chalphin

Saha

2010

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Glycine's role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult vertebrate nervous system has been well characterized in a number of different model organisms. However, a full understanding of glycinergic transmission requires a knowledge of how glycinergic synapses emerge and the role of glycinergic signaling during development. Recent literature has provided a detailed picture of the developmental expression of many of the molecular components that comprise the glycinergic phenotype, namely the glycine transporters and the glycine receptor subunits; the transcriptional networks leading to the expression of this important neurotransmitter phenotype are also being elucidated. An equally important focus of research has revealed the critical role of glycinergic signaling in sculpting many different aspects of neural development. This review examines the current literature detailing the expression patterns of the components of the glycinergic phenotype in various vertebrate model organisms over the course of development and the molecular mechanisms governing the expression of the glycinergic phenotype. The review then surveys the recent work on the role of glycinergic signaling in the developing nervous system and concludes with an overview of areas for further research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The specification of glycinergic neurons and the role of glycinergic transmission in development

Chalphin

Saha

2010

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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“…The abdominal ganglion neurons R3-14 are thought to be both glycinergic and peptidergic (35,(41)(42)(43). Our light level immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that these cells send processes into the vascularized connective tissue sheath surrounding the ganglion and connectives, and to the efferent vein of the gill at the base of the heart.…”

Section: The R14 Peptidementioning

confidence: 79%

Localization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles.

Kreiner¹,

Sossin²,

Scheller³

1986

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Abstract. Many neurons in the mollusc Aplysia are identifiable and provide a useful model system for investigating the cellular mechanisms used by the neuroendocrine system to mediate simple behaviors. In this study we determined the subcellular localization of eight Aplysia neuropeptides using immunogold labeling techniques, and analyzed the size distribution of dense core and granular vesicles in peptidergic neurons. Recent observations demonstrate that many neurons use multiple chemical messengers. Thus, an understanding of the functional significance of cotransmitters requires an analysis of their relative subcellular distributions. The peptides are expressed in a subset of neurons, or the exocrine atrial gland, and are primarily localized to dense core vesicles. Multiple regions of precursors which are cleaved into several components are co-localized. Each neuron has a distinct size distribution of peptide-containing dense core vesicles ranging in size from 65 to 600 nm. The atrial gland contains very large (up to 2 um) peptide-containing granules. Single neurons have multiple populations of granules whose quantal sizes agree with predictions based on physical constraints. Some cells contain very large peptide-containing granules which are found in the cell soma and not in processes. Thus, the genetic determination of neuronal cell type includes not only transmitter choices but also multiple modes of packaging the intercellular messengers.

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“…R14 is inhibited by firing of the peptidergic bag cells (Mayeri et al, 1979), an effect that is almost certainly mediated by release of a peptide or peptides into the body fluid rather than at synapses. Considerable evidence points to a role of R14 in the modulation of the control of the Aplysia's circulatory system (Price and McAdoo, 1979;Price et al, 1984;Sawada et al, 1984;Rittenhouse and Price, 1986a, b). Thus, it is possible that the sensitivity of the responses of R14 to external ions, chemical messengers, and amino acids (Ichinose and McAdoo, 1985; are means whereby R14 senses and responds to the state of the organism and participates in the control thereof.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The voltage-dependent, slow inward current induced by the neuropeptide FMRFamide in Aplysia neuron R14

Ichinose

McAdoo

1988

J. Neurosci.

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The effects of the peptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) on the soma of neuron R14 in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica and A. brasiliana were characterized. Pressure-ejected FMRFamide caused 3 types of responses, (1) a fast outward current (duration, less than 30 sec), (2) a fast inward current (duration, less than 20 sec), and (3) a slow inward current (peak at 0.5-1 min; duration, 2-3 min). The slow inward current, the chief object of this study, arises from a voltage-dependent conductance increase. The FMRFamide-elicited slow inward current is largest between -40 mV and -20 mV, the region of a negative slope resistance in the normal current-voltage relationship for R14. The slow FMRFamide-induced inward current is largely carried by Na+. This current is independent of external [K+] but depends inversely on external [Ca2+] and [Cl-]. The concentrations of the latter ions may influence the voltage dependence of the response. The slow inward current has many properties in common with inward currents induced in other molluscan neurons by applications of neuropeptides or intracellular injections of cyclic nucleotides.

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Influences of glycine and neuron R14 on contraction of the anterior aorta of Aplysia.

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

The specification of glycinergic neurons and the role of glycinergic transmission in development

The specification of glycinergic neurons and the role of glycinergic transmission in development

Localization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles.

The voltage-dependent, slow inward current induced by the neuropeptide FMRFamide in Aplysia neuron R14

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