Influences of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) dietary supplementation on growth, feed utilization, and expression of lipid metabolism genes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed a high-fat diet

Dietary supplementation of glycyrrhetinic acid benefit growth performance and lipid metabolism in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) juveniles

“…In the present study, no noticeable difference was observed in the growth performance among all dietary treatments. Although an enhanced growth has been well reported in some fish species (Desouky et al, 2020), piglets (He et al, 2007;Yin et al, 2008) and mice (Abe et al, 1982), a growth enhancement by GA was not observed in this study. The discrepancy in these studies may be attributed to differences in dietary formulation, size of fish, or variations in experimental conditions between studies (Nobuhito et al, 2001).…”

“…The mechanism in which GA enhances HSI and liver lipid remains still unclear. However, most studies have attributed the effect of GA to 3β‐monoglucuronyl‐18β‐glycyrrhetinic, an active compound that inhibits the production of excess fat in the liver (Desouky et al., 2020). According to studies, GA is metabolized to 3β‐monoglucuronyl‐18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid in the liver.…”

“…Indeed, dietary lipid levels support higher growth rates and extra dietary protein in some species. However, suboptimal and/or excess level of lipid may have an adverse effect on growth and unwanted fat deposition in the liver, inducing a condition referred to as “fatty liver” which often correlates with mortality (Abasubong et al., 2018; Desouky et al., 2020; Hillestad & Johnsen, 1994). Recently, several additives have been substantiated to be effective in controlling the accumulation of extra fat in the fish tissues and also regulate the expressions of the primary genes involved in lipid metabolism without having any adverse on growth performance.…”

“…Desouky et al. (2020) noted an improvement in growth performance and lipid metabolism of channel catfish after consuming HFD supplemented with GA. GA has been shown to enhance glucose and lipid metabolism under different physiological conditions through several pathways (Lim et al., 2009; Yaw et al., 2013). Its primary action has been attributed to the non‐selective inhibitory effects on 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Fernando et al., 2013).…”

Dietary licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ) improves growth, lipid metabolism, antioxidant and immune responses, and resistance to crowding stress in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

“…These results confirmed that dietary licorice can improve the lipid metabolism in juvenile common carp and the positive effect may be due to promoting lipolysis and consequently reducing lipid deposition. Similarly, plasma/liver cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels were decreased and plasma HDL levels were elevated in channel catfish fed a high‐fat diet supplemented with 1.2 mg/kg GA (Desouky et al., 2020). Also, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were decreased in channel catfish fed diet containing 0.3 g/kg GA (Jiang et al., 2012).…”