Influences of Hypoxia on Hatching Performance in Chickens with Different Genetic Adaptation to High Altitude

Zhang, Bo; Wang, Xiaotian; Chamba, Yangzom; Yao, Ling; Wu, Changde

doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00122

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The highest embryo mortality was recorded in the first seven days of incubation and on hatching, according to the results reported in Cobb breeders (Pedroso et al, 2005) and Tibetan and Dwarf breeds (Zhang et al, 2008). Our data confirm that the first 6-7 days of incubation and the hatching period are the most critical periods for the survival of chicken embryos.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Similar fertility data were recorded in poultry strains and other breeds; for instance, 77.5%-97.4% in the Cobb strain (Pedroso et al, 2005) and 89.9%-93.5% and 91.6%-95.4% in the Tibetan and Dwarf bantam breeds, respectively (Zhang et al, 2008). The best fertility values were recorded in March and this could be the month with the major reproductive efficiency of this breed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Breeding performance in the Italian chicken breedMericanel della Brianza

Cerolini

Madeddu

Zaniboni

et al. 2010

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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In Italy, 90 local avian breeds were described; the majority (61%) were classified as extinct and only 8.9% as still widely spread. Therefore, efforts for conservation of Italian avian breeds are urgently required. The aim of this study was to record the breeding performance of the Italian breed Mericanel della Brianza to multiply a small population, in order to develop a conservation programme. Fourteen females and eight males were available at the beginning of the reproductive season in 2009 and organised into eight families (1 male/1-2 females) kept in floor pens. Birds received a photoperiod of 14L:10D and were fed ad libitum. Breeding performance was recorded from March to June. Egg production and egg weight were recorded daily; eggs were set every two weeks and fertility, embryo mortality and hatchability were recorded. Mean egg production was 37% and mean egg weight was 34±3.49 g. High fertility values from 94% to 87% were recorded in the first three settings and the overall mean fertility value was 81.6%. Overall hatchability was only 49.6% owing to a high proportion of dead embryos. Embryo mortality occurred mainly between days 2 and 7 of incubation and during hatching. The highest hatchability values were recorded in settings 1 and 2, 69% and 60% respectively, and a large decrease was found in the subsequent settings. Marked variations in egg production, fertility, hatchability and embryo mortality were found among families. The present results represent the basic knowledge of reproductive parameters necessary to improve the reproductive efficiency of the breed within a conservation plan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Breeding performance in the Italian chicken breedMericanel della Brianza

Cerolini

Madeddu

Zaniboni

et al. 2010

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…More recent studies also showed high hypoxic sensitivity of embryonic metabolism and growth during early development in hypoxia. Collectively, these data suggest that there is a discrete threshold of O 2 availability that is required to both initiate and sustain early embryo development (Altimiras and Phu, 2000;Sharma et al, 2006), and that O 2 available during early incubation is important for hatch-ability (Zhang et al, 2008). However, some studies reported that chronic hypoxia (14% O 2 ) during the first 10 d of incubation had no effect on the weight of the embryo and its organs at the time of hatching (Miller et al, 2002), that the middle third of embryogenesis was critical for the effect of long-term hypoxia on metabolism (Dzialowski et al, 2002) or that the last week of incubation was sensitive for ventilatory response to hypoxia (Ferner and Mortola, 2009).…”

Section: Hypoxic Levels and Durationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hypoxic level and duration differentially affect embryonic organ system development of the chicken (Gallus gallus)

Zhang

Burggren

2012

Poultry Science

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Hypoxia inhibits avian embryonic development, as well as increases embryonic mortality. However, the key organ systems affected by hypoxia, and their critical windows for development, are poorly understood. Consequently, chicken embryos were continuously exposed to 3 levels of oxygen (21, 15, or 13% O(2)) throughout d 0 to 10, d 11 to 18, or d 0 to 18 of incubation, followed by morphometric and blood physiological measurements. Hypoxia occurring early during incubation (d 0 to 10) had larger effects on embryonic mortality and organ growth than hypoxia occurring at later stages (d 10 to 18). Growth of the heart and chorioallantoic membrane was stimulated by chronic hypoxia, whereas the lung, brain, eye, liver, stomach, beak, and toes showed no disruption. Sustained hypoxia from the beginning of incubation decreased blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell concentration of embryos at d 10, but the values among hypoxic and normoxic groups were not significantly different at d 18. Blood partial pressure of O(2) and partial pressure of CO(2) were dependent upon incubation O(2) level at a given day of development. These results indicated that either modest hypoxia (15% O(2)) throughout development, or hypoxia at any level during the late stages (d 11 to 18), increased the heart and chorioallantoic membrane weight, which partly compensated for the detrimental effects of hypoxia on embryonic development. We conclude that the first half of embryonic development contained the critical windows for the detrimental effects of hypoxia, and the second half contained the critical windows for the compensatory response of hypoxia in key organs.

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“…Due to adaptability to hypoxia, supplemental O 2 is a good way to improve hatchability and chick quality. Zhang et al (2008) indicated that breeding chickens adapted to HA (a 2900 m altitude) had a lower egg water loss and greater hatchability when they were incubated in hypoxic conditions. The findings of this study indicated that O 2 supplementation to the incubator after middle to last stages of embryogenesis could increase hatchability and decrease embryonic mortality because of the lowest egg water loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of developmental and physiological traits to manipulated incubation conditions in broiler embryos at hypoxic high altitude

Babacanoğlu

2018

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Abstract. The effects of hypoxia at increased altitude levels on the cardio-respiratory development of broiler embryos are distinct in comparison with those at sea level. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of high incubation temperature (H) and oxygen supplementation (O) during hypoxic high altitude (HA) on developmental and physiological traits of embryos and hatching performance of embryonated hatching eggs in broilers at different embryonic stages. A total of 1280 eggs obtained from broiler breeders laid at sea level were used. Eggshell quality characteristics were measured for 20 eggs. The rest of the 1260 eggs were divided into seven incubation condition (IC) groups (180 eggs per group) including a control group at 37.8 ∘C and 21 % O2; O groups, with daily 1 h 23.5 % O2 supplementation at 37.8 ∘C as O0−11, O12−21, and O18−21; H groups at 38.5 ∘C high incubation temperature at 21 % O2 as H0−11, H12−21, and H18−21 from days 0 to 11, 12 to 21, and 18 to 21 of incubation, respectively. All groups were incubated in three different incubators at hypoxic HA. The effect of IC was determined on eggshell temperature, hatching performance, embryo development, right ventricular (RV) to total ventricular (TV) ratio, and blood parameters. The highest egg water loss and embryonic mortality and the lowest hatchability were in the H0−11 group, which depended on increased eggshell temperature during incubation. On day 18 of incubation, due to the decreased egg water loss in the O12−21 and O18−21 groups, there was an increase in hatchability in fertile eggs similar to the middle and late H groups. Towards the end of incubation, embryo/chick weights were not different and RV and TV weights increased in the treated groups, and the RV ∕ TV ratio changed between 15 and 26 %. At hatching, yolk sac weight increased in H0−11 and H12−21 groups. The O groups had the lowest serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentration as distinct from H groups. The serum thyroxine (T4) concentration increased in the treated groups, dependent on sex of the embryo. Blood hemoglobin concentration of O groups decreased relative to other groups. The hematocrit value was the lowest in the O12−21 and highest in the H12−21 groups. The H and O treatments during pre-hatch hypoxic HA condition can be positively evaluated on physiological traits of embryos after half of incubation depended on the timing of the IC exposure to the hatching eggs obtained from broiler breeders at sea level.

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Influences of Hypoxia on Hatching Performance in Chickens with Different Genetic Adaptation to High Altitude

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Breeding performance in the Italian chicken breedMericanel della Brianza

Breeding performance in the Italian chicken breedMericanel della Brianza

Hypoxic level and duration differentially affect embryonic organ system development of the chicken (Gallus gallus)

Responses of developmental and physiological traits to manipulated incubation conditions in broiler embryos at hypoxic high altitude

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