“…Another criterion tested to verify the grid independence was pressure drop, which reported 1105, 986, and 970, resulting in making the relative error between 336810 and 472433, about 10.7%, and the relative error between 472433 and 591418 cells was less than 1.6%. It was observed that the relative error gradually decreased with the increase in grid numbers, which matches the literature. , Thus, the grid cell of 472433 produces grid-independent results. This tangential velocity and the pressure drop in the independent grid solutions were measured at the end of the cyclone barrel length, where the grid number was consistent with other previous reports .…”
Section: Physical
Model and Numerical Methodssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…It was observed that the relative error gradually decreased with the increase in grid numbers, which matches the literature. 77,85 Thus, the grid cell of 472433 produces grid-independent results. This tangential velocity and the pressure drop in the independent grid solutions were measured at the end of the cyclone barrel length, where the grid number was consistent with other previous reports.…”
This research presents a comprehensive study aimed at investigating the influence of different cyclone geometries on the flow field and performance in gas−bioparticle flows. Five distinct cyclone designs, including Stairmand high-efficiency (St 1 ), Stairmand high-flow (St 2 ), Swift high-efficiency (Sw 1 ), Swift highflow (Sw 2 ), and typical Lapple (TL), were involved. The investigation utilized a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM) to model the gas−particle behavior. The DEM accounted for the motion of individual particles using Newton's equations, while the CFD solved the Navier−Stokes equations to model the gas flow as a continuous medium. This numerical model successfully simulated the cyclone performance under three-dimensional (3D) true shape modeling of large-sized nonspherical bioparticles considering the particle−particle and particle−wall interaction forces. The experimental validation and verification of the model demonstrated an acceptable agreement with the simulated data. The findings revealed that cyclone dimensions significantly impacted both performance and particle behavior even when operating under identical conditions. Cyclones with matching dimensions between the bottom and vortex finder exhibited improved separation efficiency, while an increase in the vortex finder's diameter led to decreased efficiency, as in St 2 and Sw 2 cyclones. A comprehensive force analysis pinpointed regions of intense particle−wall collisions, predominantly at the cone wall apex and the wall opposite the cyclone inlet, particularly evident in St 1 , Sw 1 , and TL cyclones. Notably, particle−particle interaction forces played a crucial role in cyclone performance with increased separation efficiency observed due to particle collisions. The particle−gas forces, including drag and pressure gradient forces, were mainly affected in the inlet region and extended into the cylindrical part. The pressure gradient force exhibited a minimal impact on particle behavior. Among the cyclone designs tested, the Sw 1 cyclone demonstrated outstanding performance, achieving an impressive effectiveness of 94.4% under the given operational conditions. These findings provide a better understanding of the working mechanisms of gas−particle cyclones and similar swirling multiphase flow systems, allowing for improved optimization.
“…Another criterion tested to verify the grid independence was pressure drop, which reported 1105, 986, and 970, resulting in making the relative error between 336810 and 472433, about 10.7%, and the relative error between 472433 and 591418 cells was less than 1.6%. It was observed that the relative error gradually decreased with the increase in grid numbers, which matches the literature. , Thus, the grid cell of 472433 produces grid-independent results. This tangential velocity and the pressure drop in the independent grid solutions were measured at the end of the cyclone barrel length, where the grid number was consistent with other previous reports .…”
Section: Physical
Model and Numerical Methodssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…It was observed that the relative error gradually decreased with the increase in grid numbers, which matches the literature. 77,85 Thus, the grid cell of 472433 produces grid-independent results. This tangential velocity and the pressure drop in the independent grid solutions were measured at the end of the cyclone barrel length, where the grid number was consistent with other previous reports.…”
This research presents a comprehensive study aimed at investigating the influence of different cyclone geometries on the flow field and performance in gas−bioparticle flows. Five distinct cyclone designs, including Stairmand high-efficiency (St 1 ), Stairmand high-flow (St 2 ), Swift high-efficiency (Sw 1 ), Swift highflow (Sw 2 ), and typical Lapple (TL), were involved. The investigation utilized a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM) to model the gas−particle behavior. The DEM accounted for the motion of individual particles using Newton's equations, while the CFD solved the Navier−Stokes equations to model the gas flow as a continuous medium. This numerical model successfully simulated the cyclone performance under three-dimensional (3D) true shape modeling of large-sized nonspherical bioparticles considering the particle−particle and particle−wall interaction forces. The experimental validation and verification of the model demonstrated an acceptable agreement with the simulated data. The findings revealed that cyclone dimensions significantly impacted both performance and particle behavior even when operating under identical conditions. Cyclones with matching dimensions between the bottom and vortex finder exhibited improved separation efficiency, while an increase in the vortex finder's diameter led to decreased efficiency, as in St 2 and Sw 2 cyclones. A comprehensive force analysis pinpointed regions of intense particle−wall collisions, predominantly at the cone wall apex and the wall opposite the cyclone inlet, particularly evident in St 1 , Sw 1 , and TL cyclones. Notably, particle−particle interaction forces played a crucial role in cyclone performance with increased separation efficiency observed due to particle collisions. The particle−gas forces, including drag and pressure gradient forces, were mainly affected in the inlet region and extended into the cylindrical part. The pressure gradient force exhibited a minimal impact on particle behavior. Among the cyclone designs tested, the Sw 1 cyclone demonstrated outstanding performance, achieving an impressive effectiveness of 94.4% under the given operational conditions. These findings provide a better understanding of the working mechanisms of gas−particle cyclones and similar swirling multiphase flow systems, allowing for improved optimization.
“…The patterns in TV profiles were observed qualitatively the same as reported in the literature. 34–40 Figure 7.(a) TV measured for cswf with 5 mm and 30 mm fin and pitch size, respectively. (b) TV measured for cswf with 7.5 mm and 30 mm fin and pitch size, respectively.…”
Separation of particles (solid) from hot gases were carried out with the help of cyclone separators in most of the power generation industries (fluidized bed boilers) and process industries. Present research focuses on improving the performances of such devices by modifying the geometry. Conventional 2D2D Lapple type cyclone separator geometry was modified by attaching semi-circular cross-section helical fins along the height of barrel wall to make it as finned-cyclone separators. Semi-circular helical fins attached on the barrel wall varies (six-sets) with size (5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm) and pitch (30 mm and 50 mm). 3D computational fluid dynamics simulations were carried out using ANSYS 15.0 tool and validation were performed with experimental data available in the literature for conventional 2D2D Lapple type cyclone separator before proceeding towards simulations of semi-circular finned-cyclone separators. Improved performance was noticed from all selected six cyclone separators with semi-circular fins (cswf) when compared to conventional cyclone separators while studying the fluid mechanics characteristics, which directly influences on collection-efficiency of cyclone separators. Among selected cyclone separators, the cswf with size of fin 7.5 mm and fin-pitch 50 mm was noted to be performing improved collection efficiency for the particles size <3 µm. Around 5%–11% improved collection efficiency when compared to conventional cyclone separators were observed in the study by fixing the semi-circular fins along the height of barrel wall without disturbing the main role of cyclone separator, which is separating the very fine particles, which would otherwise causes pollution.
“…The discrete phase is supposed to be exclusively impacted by the continuous phase using a unidirectional coupling mechanism. [21], [22], [23]. Recognizing the turbulent flow of cyclone separator, the Reynolds-stress-model (RSM) is selected as the preferred turbulent model for its accuracy in predicting highly swirling flows [24], [25].…”
Gas cyclones are widely employed for the removal of dust and suspended particles from gases, but they encounter challenges related to pressure drop (ΔP) and separation efficiency (ηSep). In addressing these issues, this study explores the impact of incorporating vortex finder pressure drop holes (VFPDH) in various configurations—single column, double columns, three columns, and four columns of holes—each column containing 15 holes. These holes are positioned equally distributed in clockwise order in the z-y plane starting from positive z to negative y-axis equally distributed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were conducted on 15 cases through different configurations, considering steady flow, isothermal properties, and incompressible turbulent flow with 8.809 m/s inlet velocity. The introduced modifications, involving the strategic use of VFPDH, lead to a significant reduction in (ΔP). Specifically, the single column of holes exhibited a remarkable 21% reduction in pressure drop compared to the case without holes. In contrast, the case with four columns of holes achieved a more modest 1.8% reduction. This underscores the substantial influence of VFPDH on the pattern of flow and overall gas cyclones performance. The study provides valuable insights into optimizing gas cyclone design for enhanced efficiency and reduced (ΔP), contributing to advancements in industrial dust and particle separation systems.
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