Influences of Liquid‐Phase Sintering on Structure, Grain Growth, and Dielectric Behavior of PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ Ceramics

Abstract

In this work, to formulate piezoceramic systems such as PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) for low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC)‐based devices, liquid‐phase sintering approach is demonstrated. ZnO–B2O3 (ZB) binary glass system is used as sintering aid. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study confirms the formation of morphotropic phase boundary (MPB; tetragonal + rhombohedral) in PZT prepared by hydrothermal route. ZB is found to induce change in tetragonal/rhombohedral ratio in MPB of PZT. 1%ZB in PZT is found to raise the tetragonality from 71% to 92% in MPB region of PZT. ZB addition in PZT has reduced the sintering temperature from 1250 to 825°C for relative density about 91% with sustaining MPB phase. 1% ZB content is optimal percentage to enhance sinterability and relative density. Uniform dispersion of glass in PZT matrix is confirmed by SEM images. ZB content in PZT is found to controlling grain growth during sintering. Highest dielectric constant and lowest dielectric loss with low sintering temperature (825°C) of 1%ZB among all glass added in PZT exhibit technical suitability of 1%ZB + PZT to use as LTCC‐based energy storage devices.

Phase composition and dielectric properties of spark plasma sintered PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3

“…The calcination temperature 900°C appears to be the optimum temperature to get pure perovskite phase with no detectable traces of the pyrochlore phase. Tetragonal and rhombohedral MPB structures were expected and identified by the split of XRD peaks {001}, {101}, {002}, {102} and {112} [38]. As the sample calcined at 900°C shows the relevant phases, the same material was further studied for other investigations.…”

Li2O-B2O3-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 and Bi2O3 co-doped gyromagnetic Li0.43Zn0.27Ti0.13Fe2.17O4 ferrite ceramics for LTCC Technology

“…Since this is much higher than the melting point of silver (961°C), it is necessary to decrease the sintering temperature of LiZnTi ferrites to ∼950°C in order to cofire with silver electrodes and apply in LTCC phase shifters. To meet the demand of sinterability in LTCC technology, several approaches have been proposed so far, and it is believed that adding low-melting oxides or glass flux is an effective and feasible way [8,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…In order to lower the firing temperature of LiZnTi ferrites below 950°C, low-melting glass and Bi substitution have been investigated to achieve this goal [8,[13][14][15]. However, abnormal grain growth (AGG) occurs in lowtemperature liquid-phase sintered Li-based ferrites or other ceramics while their porosity generally remains above 2%, which would deteriorate their performances such as magnetic loss for microwave ferrite ceramics [8,[13][14][15][19][20][21][22]. In our prior work, NiZn ferrite nanoparticles were adopted to introduce into LiZnTi ferrites to suppress AGG of the microsize grains; nevertheless, the porosity was still larger than 2% [12].…”

Influences of Bi0.75Y0.25O1.5 addition on the microstructure and ionic conductivity of Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 ceramics

“…At the sintering temperature of 1100°C, YSB has been in a molten state, which contributes to the liquid phase sintering and increases the elemental diffusion and transport rate. 26,27 Consequently, the YSB addition within 1-5 wt%, as a sintering aid, is beneficial to remove pores and gas from YDC matrix and increase the relative density. However, the excessive addition of YSB up to 5-40 wt% leads to its remarkable volatilization, producing pores, and decreasing the relative density of the composite ceramics.…”