Influences of Organic Volatile Compounds on the Secondary Organic Carbon of Fine Particulate Matter in the Fruit Tree Area

Abstract

Three combined investigations were conducted to examine the sources of PM2.5 in agricultural areas. The first was the measurement of PM2.5 and gaseous compounds in the greenhouse, which is a relatively closed system, while the second was the analysis of pesticide components used in agricultural areas. Finally, the physical and chemical properties of PM2.5 were analyzed in an orchard area and compared with the results of the greenhouse and agricultural chemical analyses. As a result, this research was able to confirm the source of emission and characteristics of PM2.5 originating from the agricultural area. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in agricultural areas are emitted by agricultural chemicals, and the discharged agricultural chemicals are first absorbed into the soil, and then released into the air by evaporation. Finally, the secondary products of PM2.5 in agricultural areas were estimated to have positive relationships with the VOCs from agricultural chemicals, and NH3 from fertilizers. The photochemical reactions of VOCs and NH3 were responsible for the impact on secondary products.

Impact of Precursor Compounds Associated with Long-Range Transport in the East Asia Region—Variation in CO/CO2 and VOCs

“…Various studies related to the long-range transport of air pollutants have insisted that desert dust contributes to increases in PM concentrations all over Europe and that approximately 50% of air pollutants in cities are due to long-range transport [7,[9][10][11]. Various air pollutants such as PM, secondary pollutants, and gaseous matters such as CO from East Asia can flow into Korea, the research area of this study [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. It is necessary to understand the relationship of long-range transport with potential sources and weather parameters of pollutants to reduce air pollutants.…”

Advances in Gaseous and Particulate Air Pollutants Measurement

“…The third paper highlights the role of photochemical reactions in the formation of secondary products, specifically addressing PM 2.5 pollution in agricultural regions. The findings contribute to an in-depth understanding of the underlying processes and can inform strategies for mitigating pollution and safeguarding human and environmental health [3]. In the fourth paper, the focus is improving the effectiveness of low-cost sensors for air quality monitoring by advancing calibration methods.…”

Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollutants in Paddy and Dry Field Regions: Analyzing the Oxidative Potential of Biomass Burning

“…µg/m 3 0.004 ± 0.003 0.005 ± 0.003 1,4-BCA 2) µg/m 3 0.015 ± 0.013 0.016 ± 0.011 MSA 3) µg/m The difference in characteristics between single-crop paddy farming regions and multicrop dry farming regions is also evident in the ratio of PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations. PM emissions from agricultural activities are categorized into particles arising from mechanical factors, such as soil-cultivation, crop-harvesting, and grain-handling processes, and secondary precursor emissions from the use of compost and pesticides [14,[28][29][30]. Particles from mechanical factors tend to be larger, with mineral matter as the primary component and soil dust as the main cause [31][32][33].…”

“…The research evaluated the formation characteristics of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs) based on SNA, examining ammonium-rich conditions and ratios of NHR, NOR, and SOR. The ammonium-rich conditions, assessed using the molar ratio of [NH 4 + ]/[SO 4 2− ], suggest an environment conducive to SIA formation through SNA if the ratio is above 1.5, and less conducive (ammonium-poor) if below 1.5 [23,30,37]. The molar ratio of [NO 3 − ]/[SO 4…”

“…2− ] was also evaluated, with a higher ratio indicating a greater contribution of NO 3 − to SIA formation due to the sequential neutraliza-tion reactions of atmospheric NH 3 with SOx products followed by NOx products [30,38,39]. The [NH 4 + ]/[SO 4 2− ] ratio was 4.53 in Buan and 4.67 in Gochang, with [NO 3 − ]/[SO 4 2− ] ratios of 1.98 in Buan and 1.83 in Gochang.…”