Influences of pyramidal tract on the subthalamic nucleus in the cat

Giuffrida, Rosario; Volsi, Guido Li; Maugeri, Giuseppe; Perciavalle, Vincenzo

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(85)80084-7

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The existing literature suggests that the corticosubthalamic pathway is separate from the corticostriatal pathway so that STN and striatum may receive different types of information (Parent and Parent, 2006) Data from experiments in cats and rats have suggested that the corticosubthalamic inputs may arise as axon collaterals of other corticofugal systems, such as the corticospinal tract (Iwahori, 1978, Kitai and Deniau, 1981, Giuffrida et al, 1985), but this fact has not been sufficiently clarified in primates. In fact, the aforementioned single-cell tracing study of corticofugal fibers (Parent and Parent, 2006) included only two motor cortical neurons that provided terminals in the STN.…”

Section: Basal Ganglia Systems Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological basal ganglia activity in movement disorders

2011

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Our understanding of the pathophysiology of movement disorders, and associated changes in basal ganglia activities has significantly changed in the course of the last few decades. This process began with the development of detailed anatomical models of the basal ganglia, followed by studies of basal ganglia activity patterns in animal models of common movement disorders and electrophysiological recordings in movement disorder patients undergoing functional neurosurgical procedures. These investigations first resulted in an appreciation of global activity changes in the basal ganglia in parkinsonism and other disorders, and later in the detailed description of pathological basal ganglia activity patterns, specifically burst patterns and oscillatory synchronous discharge of basal ganglia neurons. In this review we critically summarize our current knowledge of the pathological discharge patterns of basal ganglia neurons in Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and dyskinesias.

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Section: Basal Ganglia Systems Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological basal ganglia activity in movement disorders

2011

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“…The corticosubthalamic pathway is the link connecting the frontal cortex with the STN, providing an alternative input to the basal ganglia in parallel with the corticostriatal pathway. The corticosubthalamic pathway stems out directly from the pyramidal tract [12] and probably brings to the STN copies of the motor inputs sent to spinal motor neurons updating the nucleus about motor activity in process [13]. In normal primates, the corticosubthalamic projection is highly segregated ( fig.…”

Section: Anatomic Evidence Of Segregated Body Maps In the Primate Stnmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functional Organization of the Sensorimotor Region of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Romanelli

Brontë‐Stewart

Heit

et al. 2004

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is viewed by many as the ultimate therapy targeting severe advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A fundamental constituent of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DBS is clearly the functional organization of the STN; however, there is limited understanding of the organization of this structure in humans. Data from primates suggest that different domains can be identified in the STN, including a sensorimotor area with a segregated body map, as well as nonmotor areas. Recent clinical studies have used microelectrode recording to investigate the presence of a body map in the sensorimotor STN of PD patients. This paper will review and compare experimental and clinical data regarding the functional organization of the STN and discuss the clinical implications for PD patients undergoing STN DBS.

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“…STN stimulation evoked short latency antidromic spikes in the motor cortex layer V neurons (Paz et al, 2005). Stimulation of the cat medullary pyramid evoked a short latency excitation in STN, which was considered to be due to antidromic activation of parent axons that emit STN collaterals (Giuffrida et al, 1985). A Golgi study described that descending axons of various sizes in the cerebral peduncle emit collaterals innervating STN (Iwahori, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Subthalamic Nucleus Is One of Multiple Innervation Sites for Long-Range Corticofugal Axons: A Single-Axon Tracing Study in the Rat

Kita

Kita²

2012

J. Neurosci.

256

200

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The frontal cortex provides strong excitatory inputs to the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and these cortico-STN inputs play critical roles in the control of basal ganglia activity. It has been assumed from anatomical and physiological studies that STN is innervated mainly by collaterals of thick and fast conducting pyramidal tract axons originating from the frontal cortex deep layer V neurons, implying that STN directly receives efferent copies of motor commands. To more closely examine this assumption, we performed biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing studies in rats to examine the cortical layer of origin, the size of parent axons, and whether or not the cortical axons emit any other collaterals to brain areas other than STN. This study revealed that the cortico-STN projection is formed mostly by collaterals of a small fraction of small to medium sized long-range cortico-fugal axons, which also emit collaterals that innervate multiple other brain sites including the striatum, associative thalamic nuclei, superior colliculus, zona incerta, pontine nucleus, multiple other brainstem areas, and the spinal cord. The results imply that some layer V neurons are involved in associative control of movement through multiple brain innervation sites and that the cortico-STN projection is one part of this multiple cortico-fugal system.

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Influences of pyramidal tract on the subthalamic nucleus in the cat

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Pathological basal ganglia activity in movement disorders

Pathological basal ganglia activity in movement disorders

The Functional Organization of the Sensorimotor Region of the Subthalamic Nucleus

The Subthalamic Nucleus Is One of Multiple Innervation Sites for Long-Range Corticofugal Axons: A Single-Axon Tracing Study in the Rat

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