Background: Although 90% of older Korean adults have at least one chronic disease, most self-management interventions are clinic-based, delivered through face-to-face education, and highly focused on disease information only in South Korea. Therefore, older Koreans living in the community continue to seek an adjunct to manage chronic disease by themselves and expect mobile health (mHealth) to meet their healthcare needs in daily life.Objective: This feasibility study (1) developed an mHealth protocol to empower older adults to manage their chronic diseases at home, (2) examined the feasibility of the mHealth intervention using mobile tablets and applications (apps), and (3) discussed contextual and methodological challenges when applying an mHealth intervention for older Koreans with chronic diseases.
Methods:The mHealth intervention protocol was developed based on the eHealth Enhanced Chronic Care Model. Our mHealth intervention included four phases. Phase 1 included mobile tablet training and standardized technology training with guidebooks, demonstrations, and guided practice. Phase 2 included standardized information for disease management retrieved from both governmental and professional healthcare organizations. Phase 3 included training to use the pre-selected high-quality mHealth apps to consider types of individuals' chronic disease. Phase 4 included encouragement to practice self-selected mHealth apps based on their individual needs. Quantitatively descriptive and qualitative content analyses of user evaluation were completed to assess feasibility and user acceptance. Results: Among the 27 older adults, 25 completed mHealth training for 4 weeks. The attrition rate was 7.4% (2/27), due to time conflicts, emotional distress, and/or family discouragement. The men required little or no time for Phase 1, while the women seemed to depend on the interventionists for Phase 3. At least 4 weeks with weekly meetings were required to complete training of the mHealth intervention. Sex, educational level, and previous experience using smartphones were associated with learning speed, confidence, and competence.Conclusions: A highly person-centered approach is required to implement mHealth interventions for older adults. Self-management of chronic diseases via mHealth requires careful consideration regarding the complex nature of human behavior, emotional response, and family influence; therefore, integrating a theoretical-clinical-technical approach is necessary for successful implementation and higher effectiveness among older adults.