Influences of structure and multi-intermolecular forces on rheological and oil displacement properties of polymer solutions in the presence of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺

Abstract

Salinity-tolerance is one of the crucial factors determining the applicability of a polymer in Enhancing Oil Recovery (EOR) process. In the current study, the rheological and oil displacement properties of four types of polymers with similar structures, including a comb polymer (KYPAM), a double tailed hydrophobic associating polymer (DTHAP), a comb hydrophobic associating polymer (CHAP) and a comb micro-block hydrophobic associating polymer (CBHAP), were comprehensively investigated. The experimental results proved that the thickening ability and salt resistance of the polymer was not significantly improved if only one intermolecular force functioned. On the contrary, multi-intermolecular forces, such as hydrophobic association and complexation, rendered a synergistic effect in the polymer solutions, through which the thickening property, salt resistance particularly Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ resistance, and also the elasticity of the polymers were noticeably promoted. In oil displacement experiments, the EOR factors improved by CBHAP and CHAP can reach 27.1% and 18.8%, which were much higher than that of KYPAM (11.5%) and DTHAP (11.7%).

Using Recycled Concrete as an Adsorbent to Remove Phosphate from Polluted Water

“…However, there is also adsorption between adsorbates (i.e., between phosphate molecules) and is best described by the Hill–de Boer model of lateral interactions between moving adsorbate during adsorption (Rangabhashiyam et al, 2014). The intermolecular force of adsorbed phosphate for waste concrete loaded with Mg and Ca was stronger in the seawater treated concrete and was consistent with other studies (Liu et al, 2015; Pu et al, 2017). …”

Preparation of a Hydrophobic-Associating Polymer with Ultra-High Salt Resistance Using Synergistic Effect

“…A mechanism is proposed as to why SRP-2-1 solution has excellent shear resistance and salt resistance, as shown in Figure 9, which outlines the synergistic effect of DiC 12 AM and MAA-EO 23 C 12 on the salt tolerance of polymer SRP-2-1. It is known that complexation reactions occur between multivalent metal ions and EO groups by the lone pair of electrons from the oxygen of the oxyethylene group filling the unoccupied orbital from the metal ion, which in turn enhances the hydrophobicity of polar groups with polyether [11,30].…”

Synthesis and performance evaluation of a novel zwitterionic quaternary copolymer for enhanced oil‐recovery application

“…Based on the fact that sulfonic acid groups can improve temperature-and salt-resistance of polymers, 26,27 and hydrophobic groups (C 16 -DMAAC) can improve the viscosity and the shearing resistance of polymers. [28][29][30] However, hydrophobic monomers and sulfonate group-containing monomers were not used simultaneously in the above studies, which resulted in limited improved performance of those reported polymers. Therefore, in this study, a new quaternary copolymer (AA/AM/AOS/C 16 -DMAAC) with good thickening ability, temperature resistance, salt resistance, and shear resistance was successfully synthesized.…”