“…For example, small watersheds (e.g., <15 km 2 ) with limited soil and groundwater storage capacities respond more rapidly to landscape-scale changes, such as conservation practices, than those with greater N and water storage volumes. , In these cases, highly complex process-based watershed models may not be needed. Monitored data and an empirical model, such as a net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs-based model, a simple mass balance approach for estimating human-generated N inputs to watersheds, with the addition of a lagged N delay component, , could be appropriate.…”