Influences of Tobacco Advertising Exposure and Conduct Problems on Smoking Behaviors Among Adolescent Males and Females

Mays, Darren; Gilman, Stephen E.; Rende, Richard; Luta, George; Tercyak, Kenneth P.; Niaura, Raymond

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu018

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our study evaluated college-age youth for whom e-cigarettes are a relatively novel product. These findings should also be replicated in a larger sample to test for sex/gender differences, given evidence for sex/gender differences in e-cigarette susceptibility (Bold et al, 2016), use and preferences for flavored e-cigarettes (e.g., Dawkins et al, 2013), and responsiveness to tobacco advertising (Mays et al, 2014) and health warnings (O'Hegarty et al, 2006). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fMRI study on the impact of advertising for flavored e-cigarettes on susceptible young adults

Garrison

O’Malley

Gueorguieva³

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background E-cigarettes are sold in flavors such as “Skittles,” “strawberrylicious,” and “juicy fruit,” and no restrictions are in place on marketing e-cigarettes to youth. Sweets/fruits depicted in e-cigarette advertisements may increase their appeal to youth and interfere with health warnings. This study tested a brain biomarker of product preference for sweet/fruit versus tobacco flavor e-cigarettes, and whether advertising for flavors interfered with warning labels. Methods Participants (N=26) were college-age youth who had tried an e-cigarette and were susceptible to future e-cigarette use. They viewed advertisements in fMRI for sweet/fruit and tobacco flavor e-cigarettes, menthol and regular cigarettes, and control images of fruits/sweets/mints with no tobacco product. Cue-reactivity was measured in the nucleus accumbens, a brain biomarker of product preference. Advertisements randomly contained warning labels, and recognition of health warnings was tested post-scan. Visual attention was measured using eye-tracking. Results There was a significant effect of e-cigarette condition (sweet/tobacco/control) on nucleus accumbens activity, that was not found for cigarette condition (menthol/regular/control). Nucleus accumbens activity was greater for sweet/fruit versus tobacco flavor e-cigarette advertisements and did not differ compared with control images of sweets and fruits. Greater nucleus accumbens activity was correlated with poorer memory for health warnings. Conclusions These and exploratory eye-tracking findings suggest that advertising for sweet/fruit flavors may increase positive associations with e-cigarettes and/or override negative associations with tobacco, and interfere with health warnings, suggesting that one way to reduce the appeal of e-cigarettes to youth and educate youth about e-cigarette health risks is to regulate advertising for flavors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fMRI study on the impact of advertising for flavored e-cigarettes on susceptible young adults

Garrison

O’Malley

Gueorguieva³

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…A single item also measured whether participants had ever tried e-cigarettes (yes/no) [ 5 ]. Another item measured exposure to e-cigarette advertising in magazines, on television, or convenience stores based on a five point scale [ 33 , 34 ]. Four items also assessed past 30 day use of smokeless tobacco; cigars; little cigars and cigarillos; and waterpipe (hookah) tobacco use [ 5 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of the effects of electronic cigarette warnings on young adult nonsmokers’ perceptions and behavioral intentions

Mays¹,

Smith²,

Johnson³

et al. 2016

Tob. Induced Dis.

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BackgroundElectronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) manufacturers use warning labels on their advertising that vary widely in content and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning label requirement for e-cigarettes. There is limited data on the effects of these warnings on e-cigarette perceptions and other potential predictors of future tobacco use behavior in populations of interest to inform future regulatory requirements. This study examined the effects of e-cigarette warnings on perceptions of e-cigarettes and cigarettes and other cognitive precursors to tobacco use among young adult non-smokers.MethodsNon-smoking young adults ages 18 to 30 years (n = 436) were recruited through an internet-based crowdsourcing platform for an online experiment. Participants completed pre-exposure measures of demographics, tobacco use, and other relevant constructs and were randomized to view 1 of 9 e-cigarette stimuli in a 3 (Ad/Warning condition: Ad Only, Ad with Warning, Warning Only) x 3 (E-cigarette brand: Blu, MarkTen, Vuse) design. After viewing e-cigarette stimuli, participants reported perceptions of e-cigarettes and behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes. Participants in the Ad Only and Ad with Warning conditions also completed a heat-mapping task assessing aspects of the ads that captured their attention. Then, participants were randomized to view cigarette ads from 1 of 3 major cigarette brands and reported perceptions of cigarettes and intentions to smoke cigarettes.ResultsParticipants in the Warning Only condition reported significantly greater perceived harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and thoughts about not using e-cigarettes than the Ad Only and Ad with Warning conditions (p’s < .05). The Ad Only and Ad with Warning conditions did not differ on these outcomes. Participants in the Warning Only condition also reported the harms of e-cigarettes were closer to those of cigarettes than the Ad Only condition (p < .05), but neither differed from the Ad with Warning condition. Visual inspection of heat-mapping task data indicate warnings drew few participants’ attention. There were no significant differences across study conditions on perceptions of cigarettes or intentions to smoke.ConclusionsText-based warning messages influenced young non-smokers’ perceptions in a way that may dissuade e-cigarette use, but warnings appearing on advertisements had little impact.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12971-016-0083-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Parent social status of the participants were the father and mother living together and that was also expected because the nature of the Iraqi society that the family always lives together and the dominant relationship between father and mother is the marriage status, as the high percentage of the parent status was living together, the same result with Mays et al, 2014 they found that the majority parents living status of the participants still married and living together (15) , the vast majority of the adolescents living status was the living with parents the same finding by Al-Mohamed, and Amin, 2010 study they found that the smokers participants most of them are living with their parents (16) and Gaffar et al, 2013 did find the same result (17) , such a result is normal to predict because of the nature of the Arabs countries society the whole family always still together especially when the younger members still not married they stay with the family. Fig.1 Overall assessment of study sample for overall psychological determinants The economic status of the smoking adolescents was almost equal between low status and middle status but the last one was slightly more than the other where the middle was (48.6%) while low was (45.4%) and that explains the other findings of the budget quantity per week where less or equal to ten thousand Iraqi dinars.…”

Section: Part I: Socio-demographic Data Of the Smoking Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Psychosocial Determinants of Smoking among Adolescents in Al-Rifa’i City

Jaafar¹

2017

Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.

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Article InfoSmoking attends to kill one person every six seconds and causing a variety of diseases like cancer and even psychological problems and caused millions of mortalities. The adolescents are the most ages who start smoking due to many psychosocial factors they start smoking in early age causing more harms and addicted to smoking which worsen the psychological disorders. The study aim is to find the psychosocial determinants that cause smoking initiation and to find the relationship between these determinants and the demographic information. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study applied on the mediatory and secondary smoking students in Al-Rifa`i City from the 1st November 2016 until 11 th Jun 2017 among (8) schools were chosen randomly and by using scales for depression, anxiety, stress and social determinants, and by using simple random sampling (370) smoking students were chosen whose ages were (13-19) years. (370) smoking students whose ages were (13-19) years, (49.5%) of them had been assessed with mild depression, (47.3%) of them had mild anxiety and (46.8%) had a mild stress, in addition to (9) affected social factors. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the depression and marital status, anxiety and each of marital status, parent social status, economic status, age of beginning of narghile smoking and the continuity of smoking, stress and smoking type and narghile smoking frequency, and the social determinants and the living status The general conclusion is that the psychological determinants (depression, anxiety, stress) and social determinants were affected in smoking initiation among adolescents and some of them having an advance situation of psychological problems. The study recommended working on establishing and improve programs to prevent smoking in schools in addition to working on teaching families and teachers how to deal with the psychological problems of the adolescents to not lose them in smoking way.

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Influences of Tobacco Advertising Exposure and Conduct Problems on Smoking Behaviors Among Adolescent Males and Females

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

A fMRI study on the impact of advertising for flavored e-cigarettes on susceptible young adults

A fMRI study on the impact of advertising for flavored e-cigarettes on susceptible young adults

An experimental study of the effects of electronic cigarette warnings on young adult nonsmokers’ perceptions and behavioral intentions

Psychosocial Determinants of Smoking among Adolescents in Al-Rifa’i City

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