Influences of traditional Chinese medicine on non-specific immunity of Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Jian, Jichang; Wu, Zhongxing

doi:10.1016/s1050-4648(03)00062-7

Cited by 207 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Complement activity may be one of the most important serum factors since it activates the cellular defences. However, groups treated with antibiotics (tetracycline and furanace) and chemicals (formalin and hydrogen peroxide) did not show enhanced complement activity in the present study, unlike the significantly enhanced complement activity found in crucian carp (Chen et al 2003), large yellow croaker (Jian & Wu 2003) and common carp (Jian & Wu 2004) after feeding with Chinese herbal extracts. In the present study, the significant increase in complement activity observed after administration of vaccines and immunostimulants may imply that the fish were in an immunologically alert state.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Harikrishnan¹,

Balasundaram²,

Heo³

2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We report the effect of various chemicals, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production of blood leukocytes, complement activity and plasma lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish Carassius auratus (23 ± 2 g) against Aeromonas hydrophila on Days 15 and 30 post-infection. In infected fish, the administration of diets supplemented with either probiotics, tri-herbal extract or azadirachtin for 30 d significantly enhanced phagocytic activity; administration for 15 d had no effect. In fish treated with heat-killed and formalin-killed vaccines, and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets, superoxide anion production was enhanced on Day 30. However, there was no superoxide anion production in fish treated with tetracycline, furanace, formalin or hydrogen peroxide. Complement activity was also significantly enhanced on Days 15 and 30 in fish groups treated with vaccine and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets. Other groups had no complement activity. Lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced after 30 d in fish treated with heat-killed vaccine and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets. The probiotics-and tri-herbalcontaining diet administration groups had no mortality (0%) preceding the challenge with live A. hydrophila. Groups treated with heat-or formalin-killed vaccines or azadirachtin-supplemented diet suffered mortalities of 30, 35 and 10%, respectively, which represents an improvement of survival rate compared to untreated infected control groups. We conclude that probiotics-, tri-herbaland azadirachtin-supplemented diets act as immunostimulants enhancing the goldfish innate immune response and disease resistance against A. hydrophila. KEY WORDS: Nonspecific immune parameter · Carassius auratus · Aeromonas hydrophila · Tri-herbal · Probiotic · Azadirachtin Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 88: [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] 2009 (Areerat 1987) and other regions of the world (Amin et al. 1985). A. hydrophila routinely isolated from healthy and moribund fish produce cytotoxins, proteases, surface (S)-layers and aerolysin toxins (Cahill 1990, Paniagua et al. 1990, Rahman et al. 1997.Aeromonas hydrophila infection can be controlled with antibiotics and chemicals. Traditional use of oral antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and nifurpirinol remains the most convenient form of therapy for motile aeromonad septicaemia (Noga 1996). However, antibiotic treatment is costprohibitive to farmers in many undeveloped and developing countries. Extensive use of antibiotics may result in residues (Shao 2001) and an increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria in human and veterinary medicine (Bryan 1984). Therefore, vaccination is a better choice to control A. hydrophila infections. At present, no vaccines for the protection of farmed fish against A. hydrophila infections are commercially av...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Harikrishnan¹,

Balasundaram²,

Heo³

2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Similar to the present study, the increase of weight gain and specific growth rate were recorded in Red sea bream )Pagrus major) fed diet containing a mixture of four medicinal herbs (Massa medicata, Crataegi fructus, Artemisia capillaries, Cnidium officinale) for 12 weeks (Ji et al, 2007). In addition, traditional Chinese medicines had a beneficial effect on the growth of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Jian & Wu, 2004 (2012) reported that the highest amount of daily gain observed in the group fed with the control diet + 2% of the mixture of both herbal plants contains Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Black cumin (Nigella sativa) powder. This improvement of body weight gains maybe found due to the active materials in the herbal plants which increased the efficiency of utilization of feed, resulting in enhanced growth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…It was considered that we would be able to use the herbs without the addition of a specific vaccine for inducing protection in carp against A. hydrophila. Mixed medicinal herbs from various herbs such as Viscum album, Urtica dioica and Zingiber officinale (Düğenci, Arda, & Candan, 2003) and Radix astragalin and Radix angelicae (Jian & Wu, 2004) have also enhanced immunity in fish to bacterial infection. In 2010, it was reported that mixing the herbs (Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa) show the haematological and biochemical parameters near to normal values and triggeried the immune system of the specific and innate immunity of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) against A. hydrophila when treated with 400 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg of the mixed herbal supplementation (Harikrishnan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Jahanjoo¹,

Yahyavi²,

Akrami³

et al. 2018

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The present study was aimed at determining the effects of medicinal herbs adjuvants on growth, hematoebiochemical parameters, some non-specific immunity and disease resistance to Photobacterium damselae in Sobaity sea bream (Sparidentex hasta). The fish (mean body weight 3.08±0.31 g) were fed fishmeal diets supplemented with either 1% of Garlic (Allium sativum), 1% supplemented of Ginger (Zingiber officinale), 1% supplemented of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), a mixture of these herbs (1% Garlic + 1% Ginger + 1% thyme), and control diet without medicinal herbs, for 8 weeks. The highest weight gains (WG %) and the specific growth rate (SGR) were in fish that fed diets with the mixture of three medicinal herbs (P<0.05). The number of WBC and RBC showed a significant increase in ginger and the mixture of three medicinal herbs compared to the control (P<0.05). The highest total protein and the lowest cholesterol levels were observed in treated groups with ginger diet (P<0.05). The highest albumin and the lowest triglyceride levels were achieved in mixture of these three herbsgroup. The analysis of AST and ALT were significantly decreased in the mixture of these three herbs and ginger groups (P<0.05). The lowest ALP level were showed in mixture of these three herbs group. Furthermore, serum lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement activity (ACH50) were significantly increased in the mixture of three medicinal herbs fed fish and ginger groups (P<0.05). After feeding experiment, fish were infected with Photobacterium damselae strain FN1 and mortalities were recorded. The results of this study demonstrated that dietary mixture of three medicinal herbs and ginger groups could be an improvement in the growth and some non-specific immunity of Sobaity sea bream fry.

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“…Medicinal herbs do have effects of inhibiting against microbial pathogens and activating immunity (Immanuel et al 2004;Chansue et al 2000;Karatas et al 2003;Jian and Wu 2002). Bacillus administration has also been shown to increase shrimp survival by enhancing resistance to pathogens by activating both cellular and humoral immune defenses in the shrimps (Rengpipat et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary medicinal herbs and Bacillus on survival, growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Yu¹,

Li²,

Lin³

et al. 2008

Aquacult Int

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The basal diet (C), with 0.20% medicinal herbs (M) and 0.30% Bacillus (BM1), with 0.10% medicinal herbs and 0.15% Bacillus (BM2), and with 0.30% Bacillus (B), was used to feed white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) (1.91 ± 0.03 g) in order to assess survival, growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity. At the end of the feeding trial, survival ranged from 95.83 to 98.33% with no significant difference (P [ 0.05) among all groups. Growth measured as weight gain was significantly (P \ 0.05) higher in shrimp fed with BM2, BM1, and M compared to that of C. However, no significant differences were found among B, BM1, and M. In the case of specific growth rate, the shrimp fed with BM1 and BM2 exhibited significantly (P \ 0.05) higher values than that of C. The contents of body moisture, crude protein, and ash seemed to be unaffected by the feed supplements, though lipid content was found to be significantly (P \ 0.05) different among the treatments. The shrimp fed with BM1 and BM2 had the lowest and highest lipid contents, respectively. The digestive enzyme activity assessed using shrimp hepatopancreas revealed that the activities of amylase and protease in shrimp fed with BM2 were significantly (P \ 0.05) higher than those of C at the end of the 2nd and 6th weeks. However, better performance of the specific amylase activity was shown by the shrimp fed with B at the end of the 8th week.

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Influences of traditional Chinese medicine on non-specific immunity of Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Cited by 207 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Untitled

Effects of dietary medicinal herbs and Bacillus on survival, growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

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