Influences on indoor radon concentrations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Indoor air pollution and exposure assessment of the gulf cooperation council countries: A critical review

“…A measuring campaign of indoor Radon gas in 786 dwellings in Riyadh showed an average emission of 24.6 Bq/m 3 , which was below the WHO standard limit (100 Bq/m 3 ). Radon levels were high (1-195 Bq/m 3 ) in rooms with low ventilation rates compared to central air conditioning rooms (Alghamdi and Aleissa, 2014). Similarly, about 651 dosimeters were deployed to measure indoor Radon levels in 60 rooms, including kitchen, bed rooms, and living rooms over a continuous period of 8 months in Riyadh.…”

“…Some of the KSA mitigation-based studies are summarized here. Alghamdi and Aleissa (2014) proposed that indoor Radon emissions in KSA could be reduced by assessing building materials via gamma spectroscopy analysis prior to selecting for construction. Also, cross ventilation in buildings has been recommended recently as the most Friess et al (2012) effective way of reducing indoor air pollution compared to natural ventilation (Alwetaishi and Balabel, 2017).…”

“…Al Mijalli (2017), KSA Airborne bacteria Reducing overcrowding of students in classrooms and frequent cleaning of air conditioners filters could reduce bacteria growth and exposure. Alghamdi and Aleissa (2014) KSA Radon Adequate ventilations in red brick buildings with water air conditioners reduces Radon concentrations in dwellings. Al-Saleh (2007), KSA Radon Natural and forced ventilations could reduce Radon levels.…”

“…Previous reviews have shown that particulate matters (PMs), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and heavy metals were the major indoor air pollutants in the GCC countries (Abdul-Wahab and Al-Rehaili, 1999;Al Mulla et al, 2015;Argyropoulos et al, 2016;Elsayed et al, 2016;Farahat, 2016;Omidvarborna et al, 2018;Saraga et al, 2017). Recent studies in KSA have identified Radon ( 222 Rn) gas as another indoor air pollutant (Abo-Elmagd et al, 2018;Alghamdi and Aleissa, 2014). Moreover, it has been reported that indoor air pollution in most cities in the GCC region is due to the infiltration of ambient air pollutants into residential buildings, poor ventilations, burning of biomasses (Arabian incense), and overcrowding (Argyropoulos et al, 2016;Fadeyi et al, 2014;Jomehzadeh et al, 2017;Weitzman et al, 2016;Yaghi and Abdul-Wahab, 2003).…”

Measuring the concentration of radon gas in the operation unite of the doura refinery

“…When inhaled, radon particles carrying daughters enter and stick onto the bronchial air passages, irradiating and damaging the surrounding cells. Based on national and worldwide investigations, several agencies have concluded that radon is a known cancer causing agent in humans and is the second most common cause of lung, skin, and leukemia cancers after smoking [4]. Radon enters the body system during inhalation, which results in an increase in the exposure dose that can result in the development of lung cancer.…”