Influences on the Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil Catalyzed by Two Different Catalytic Ions: Cu²⁺and Fe³⁺

Abstract

Two efficient viscosity reducers with the same ligand and different catalytic centers (Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ ) were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and then used in catalytic aquathermolysis of six heavy oils. After that, Shengli extra-heavy oil (1.8 × 10 5 mPa s at 50 °C) was selected as the research object for an in-depth study of the same and different influences on the aquathermolysis of heavy oil catalyzed by the two catalytic ions. The compositions and structure of oil sample before and after reaction were analyzed by elemental analysis (EL), 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), gel permeation chromatrography (GPC), and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). The corresponding structural parameters were calculated on the basis of the improved Brown−Ladner methods. The compared results showed that the two catalytic ions mainly acted on the asphaltene of oil sample. In addition, the former mainly caused the depolymerization and cleavage of some bridge bonds of the macromolecular ring system, whereas the latter primarily led to the isomerization of side chains and ring-opening of heterocyclic rings. The former could be more suitable to catalyze the aquathermolysis of the heavy oil with high asphaltene than the latter for application.

Urea Enhanced Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil Catalyzed by Hydroxamic Acid-Co(II) Complex at Low Temperature

“…After the aquathermolysis with catalyst (PHC), the saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons have increased by 10.31% and 6.08%, whereas the resins and asphaltene have decreased by 14.63% and 1.76%, respectively. However, the saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons have increased by 12.59% and 6.95%, while the resins and asphaltene have, respectively, decreased by 17.74% and 1.80% after the catalytic aquathermolysis with catalyst (PHC) [14]. But at the present of urea, the group compositions of crude oil does not change significantly, which indicates urea does not contribute to the viscosity reduction chemically.…”

In situ catalytic upgrading of heavy crude oil through low-temperature oxidation

“…Because the branched chains are more easily broken than linear chains, and chain scission happens more easily than dehydrogenation and oxygenation in the same carbon number alkane, oxygen addition and chain scission will play a predominant role in this stage despite the carbon chains undergoing a polycondensation process at the same time. Meanwhile, with the effect of oil-soluble catalysts, the transition of the predominant reaction mode from oxygen addition to bond (Li et al 2013a). Table 1 shows that the content of heavy components (resins and asphaltenes) decreased by 6.4 % and 9.0 %, respectively, after oxidation of heavy oil with catalysts Mn(C 11 H 7 O 2 ) 2 and Cu(C 11 H 7 O 2 ) 2 .…”

Aquathermolysis of Heavy Crude Oil with Amphiphilic Nickel and Iron Catalysts

“…Since C 12 BSFe doesn't crack naphthenic rings, the R N and C N of asphlateneFe are bigger that those of original asphaltene, corresponding with FT-IR results. Other active metal ions, such as Mo 6+ and Cu 2+ were also compared with Fe 3+ by Chen et al Their results showed that aromatic sulfonic molybdenum and copper led to more changes on the asphaltenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and sulfur-containing groups, and they were suitable for the aquathermolysis of heavy oil with high asphaltene content [21, [40][41][42]. As to our two amphiphilic catalysts, C 12 BSFe is suitable for heavy oil with high sulfur and rather low 19 asphaltene content, while C 12 BSNi is suitable for naphthene-base heavy oil.…”