Influência do armazenamento de folhas secas no óleo essencial de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)

Abstract

Recebido em 30/7/09; aceito em 18/2/10; publicado na web em 10/6/10 STORAGE INFLUENCE OF DRIED LEAVES ON PATCHOULY (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) ESSENTIAL OIL. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of five storage times of dry leaves of two patchouli genotypes on its essential oil content and chemical composition. Harvest was realized four months after planting. Storage influenced essential oil content of genotype POG-002. Patchoulol was the majority compound. Storage of dry leaves increased significatively the content of the compounds α-bulnesene and germacrene A of genotype POG-021 and longicanfenilone, pogostol and patchoulol of POG-002. However, storage reduced significatively the content of the compounds cicloseichelene, β-cariofilene, α-guaiene, acifilene and α-bulnesene of the essential oil of genotype POG-002.Keywords: Pogostemon cablin; Lamiaceae; patchouli genotypes. INTRODUÇÃOO patchouli, Pogostemon cablin Benth. (Lamiaceae), produz um óleo essencial extraído por destilação a vapor de suas folhas secas, 1 que possui diversas propriedades, dentre elas aromaterápicas, 2 atividade antibacteriana contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococus pyogenes, Bacterium coli, B. typhosum e Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3 antioxidante, 4 inseticida, 5 e repelente contra insetos. 2,6 O óleo essencial de patchouli é largamente empregado em perfumaria e cosmética, como base e característica duradoura às fragrân-cias, e como matéria-prima muito importante na fabricação de sabonetes, cosméticos, incensos, produtos de higiene oral e pós-barba. 1,7,8 O óleo essencial de patchouli está entre os 18 óleos essenciais com maior importância comercial no mundo, e no Brasil a indústria Raros produz, beneficia e exporta 12 t/ano deste óleo essencial. 9 A composição química, qualitativa e quantitativa, do óleo de patchouli varia bastante, sendo encontrada em diversos estudos uma grande variedade de compostos, com registros de 65 mono-e sesquiterpenos, sendo os sesquiterpenos a classe predominante na espécie. 1,4,6,10-13 Nestes trabalhos os compostos com maior frequência de ocorrência foram os seguintes: β-elemeno, variando de 0,24-1,3%, β-patchouleno (0,94-12,12%), β-cariofileno (1,88-5,14%), α-patchouleno (2,3-20,9%), α-guaieno (3,17-22,20%), seicheleno (4,73-8,94%), α-bulneseno (9,86-20,30%) e patchoulol (17,50-54,31%).O principal composto do óleo de patchouli é o patchoulol, que é importante para a duração do seu odor, embora no mais alto estado de pureza química seja praticamente inodoro. 11 O patchoulol e α-patchouleno são os constituintes do óleo essencial de patchouli que regulam seu aroma. 1 O óleo essencial possui um forte odor balsâmico amadeirado, com nuances herbáceas e floral.Na Indonésia um óleo essencial de patchouli com 35% de patchoulol é frequentemente misturado com um óleo mais barato, com menor teor de patchoulol, importado da China, para reduzir o preço. 8 Vários fatores podem causar variações na composição de óleos essenciais, tais como, efeitos ambientais (umidade, temperatura e luminos...

Alternative control of Aedes aegypti resistant to pyrethroids: lethal and sublethal effects of monoterpene bioinsecticides

“…The mean annual temperature and rainfall in the region are 26 °C and 1650 mm, respectively, with a rainy season from March to August . The sampled material was oven‐dried at 60 ± 1 °C for 4 days . The EO was then obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger‐type apparatus and it was separated from the aqueous phase and stored in an amber vial at a temperature of ‐4 °C.…”

Essential Oil of Aristolochia trilobata: Synthesis, Routes of Exposure, Acute Toxicity, Binary Mixtures and Behavioral Effects on Leaf-Cutting Ants

“…Stems (1 cm diameter) of the species Aristolochia trilobata were collected from plants in the vegetative growth stage between 9:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. from February to September 2014. The plant material was dried at 60 ± 1 °C for four days in a drying oven (Marconi MA 037) [ 43 ]. A voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium of the Federal University of Sergipe (Universidade Federal de Sergipe—UFS), registration no.…”

Bioactivities of patchoulol and phloroacetophenone from Pogostemon cablin essential oil against three insects

“…As secondary metabolites, chemical compounds and its content of a plant would vary with environment. There are some published papers recording the factors which could influence the chemical constituents and contents, including harvest time, [35] storage times, [36] habitats and parts, [37] ever mulching and fertilizer method. [38] Variations would bring some challenges to industrial production of the essential oil and their insecticidal usage.…”