It
has become an intelligent and environmental protection method
to repair concrete cracks based on microbial-induced calcium carbonate
precipitation (MICP). However, due to the high-alkali environment
in concrete, even the microbial spores with strong alkali resistance
find it difficult to survive for a long time, which affects the long-term
self-healing effect of concrete cracks. In this paper, low-alkali
sulfo-aluminate cement (SC) was used as a carrier to encapsulate spores,
and the effects of the spore group and microbial group on the basic
performances of concrete were studied. Then, the area repair ratio,
water permeability, the repair ratio of anti-chloride ion penetration,
and ultrasonic velocity were used to evaluate the self-healing efficiency
of cracks, and the self-healing effects of two kinds of microbial
self-healing agents on concrete cracks with different curing ages
were further studied. Moreover, the growth, enzyme activity, and microbial
morphologies of spores with and without encapsulation immersed in
the simulated pore solution of cement-based materials at different
times were studied to discuss the protective effect of the carrier
on spores. Compared with the reference group, the results showed that
the addition of two microbial self-healing agents would slightly affect
the basic performances of concrete, but both were within the control
range of concrete materials. For the early-age cracks, the two kinds
of microbial self-healing agents could achieve a good self-healing
effect, but for the later-age cracks, the concrete cracks of the microbial
group could still be repaired well, while the self-healing effect
of the spore group was greatly reduced. Moreover, the white precipitates
generated at the crack mouth were all calcite CaCO3. In
addition, the self-healing mechanism of different microbial self-healing
agents on concrete cracks was discussed carefully. This study provides
a new idea and method for the engineering application of microbial
self-healing concrete.