Influencing factors, repeatability and correlation of chamber methods in measuring formaldehyde emissions from fiber- and particleboards

Hemmilä, Venla; Meyer, B.; Larsen, Annelise; Schwab, Harald; Αδαμόπουλος, Στέργιος

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102420

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Formaldehyde-free wood particleboards with soybean protein adhesives have also been reported by others (Ferguson et al 2014). The low detectable levels of formaldehyde associated with the natural adhesive/PAE-based particleboards were within natural wood levels (Hemmilä et al 2019a). Based on the overall results, the combination of the natural materials (soy flour, MgO, and the plant-derived enzymatic hydrolysate) showed good potential for developing formaldehyde-free adhesives for particleboards.…”

Section: )supporting

confidence: 77%

“…Formaldehyde was reclassified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2004 (IARC 2006), while a new classification entered into force for the European Union in June 2014, following the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/491 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP Regulation). The discussions on both the availability of fossil resources for producing millions of tons of amino resins every year and the restrictions on formaldehyde emissions from finished wood composite products are expected to intensify (Salthammer et al 2010;Hemmilä et al 2019a). The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) adapted the California Air Resources Board (CARB) emission limits in 2017 (EPA 2017), and formaldehyde in indoor environments is a current legislative topic around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A formaldehyde-free adhesive for particleboards based on soy flour, magnesium oxide, and a plant-derived enzymatic hydrolysate

Balducci¹,

Αδαμόπουλος

Pettinari

et al. 2020

BioRes

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An adhesive for particleboards based on natural materials was prepared. Soy flour (38.9 wt%), magnesium oxide (MgO) (2.8 wt%), and a hydrolysate from an agricultural crop (13.9 wt%) were mixed with water and ground in a ball mill at 44% solids. The solubility and interaction of the soy flour proteins and the proteins contained in the plant hydrolysate were triggered by the strong basic environment created by MgO in the presence of water. The natural adhesive appeared to be thermally stable at temperatures from 130 °C to 240 °C, with unchanged mass and no major signals in the thermal analysis curves. These results, together with a viscosity of 510 Pa·s at 25 °C, suggested a good operability of the adhesive. Three-layered particleboards were manufactured with weight combinations of natural adhesive and polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) of 0%:100%, 33%:67%, 50%:50%, 67%:33%, and 100%:0%. The natural adhesive showed inferior internal bond strength and poor water resistance compared with urea-formaldehyde-bonded boards. Addition of the PAE significantly improved the internal bond and swelling, and for all the combinations these properties were comparable or, in most cases, better than in the urea-formaldehyde controls. All boards were formaldehyde-free, while the natural adhesive itself released no dangerous volatile substances.

show abstract

Section: )supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A formaldehyde-free adhesive for particleboards based on soy flour, magnesium oxide, and a plant-derived enzymatic hydrolysate

Balducci¹,

Αδαμόπουλος

Pettinari

et al. 2020

BioRes

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Formaldehyde emission measurements with 0.044 m 3 Dynamic Micro Chamber (DMC) were performed according to ASTM D 6007–14 [44] standard method (10.39 m 2 /m 3 of particleboard at 25 °C, 50% relative humidity, and an air exchange rate of 12.19 h −1 ), as described previously [45]. The ASTM D 6007–14 method was chosen for being fast and for having a good correlation to EN 717–1 chamber method [46].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium Lignosulfonate Adhesives for Particleboards with pMDI and Furfuryl Alcohol as Crosslinkers

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tightening formaldehyde emission limits and the need for more sustainable materials have boosted research towards alternatives to urea-formaldehyde adhesives for wood-based panels. Lignin residues from biorefineries consist of a growing raw material source but lack reactivity. Two crosslinkers were tested for ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS)—bio-based furfuryl alcohol (FOH) and synthetic polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). The addition of mimosa tannin to ALS before crosslinking was also evaluated. The derived ALS adhesives were used for gluing 2-layered veneer samples and particleboards. Differential Scanning Calorimetry showed a reduction of curing temperature and heat for the samples with crosslinkers. Light microscopy showed that the FOH crosslinked samples had thicker bondlines and higher penetration, which occurred mainly through vessels. Tensile shear strength values of 2-layered veneer samples glued with crosslinked ALS adhesives were at the same level as the melamine reinforced urea-formaldehyde (UmF) reference. For particleboards, the FOH crosslinked samples showed a significant decrease in mechanical properties (internal bond (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR)) and thickness swelling. For pMDI crosslinked samples, these properties increased compared to the UmF. Although the FOH crosslinked ALS samples can be classified as non-added-formaldehyde adhesives, their emissions were higher than what can be expected to be sourced from the particles.

show abstract

“…Various countries have successively issued several testing programs for formaldehyde detection of wood-based boards (Yang et al 2009). Among them, the climate box method has become a widely used measurement method because of its advantages of high accuracy and low risk (Hemmilä et al 2019). Domestic and international studies have shown that it is necessary to study the relationship between MIP-MDF and the formaldehyde emission of furniture (Seyedeh et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde emission pattern of melamine impregnated paper decorated medium density fiberboard and its furniture products

Chen,

Qiu,

Yang

et al. 2023

BioRes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melamine-impregnated paper decorated medium-density fiberboard (MIP-MDF) is the main board used for wooden furniture materials in China, and the formaldehyde released from the board and furniture products is harmful to human beings and is a wide concern. This paper aimed to pay attention to the formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and its furniture products. This study utilized a 1 m³climatic chamber to measure the formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and nightstand made of MIP-MDF in relation to the time and load factors. According to the results, in the 2 to 24 h stage, the emission of formaldehyde in the nightstand made of MIP-MDF materials changed significantly, and the overall trend showed a changing trend of first increasing and then declining. The formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF stabilized after 40 h, while the formaldehyde emission of the nightstand stabilized after 60 h. As time passed, the formaldehyde emission changes of MIP-MDF and nightstand were almost the same. The formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and nightstand has a specific positive correlation with the carrying load. With increased carrying loads, the formaldehyde emission tends to increase, but the degree of influence gradually decreases with the addition of the carrying loads.

show abstract

Influencing factors, repeatability and correlation of chamber methods in measuring formaldehyde emissions from fiber- and particleboards

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

A formaldehyde-free adhesive for particleboards based on soy flour, magnesium oxide, and a plant-derived enzymatic hydrolysate

A formaldehyde-free adhesive for particleboards based on soy flour, magnesium oxide, and a plant-derived enzymatic hydrolysate

Ammonium Lignosulfonate Adhesives for Particleboards with pMDI and Furfuryl Alcohol as Crosslinkers

Formaldehyde emission pattern of melamine impregnated paper decorated medium density fiberboard and its furniture products

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About