Influenza and Infant Mortality

Griffith, G. W.; Adelstein, A. M.; Lambert, Peter; Weatherall, J. A. C.

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5826.553

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Indeed, hospitalizations due to cardiopulmonary complications of seasonal influenza are 1.7 to 5.0 times more frequent in pregnant women, and the risk increases during the pregnancy period [1][2][3]. Influenza also increases the risk of pregnancy loss and prematurity [4][5][6]. http Vaccination against influenza during pregnancy reduces the risk of respiratory illnesses in mothers and in their new-borns in the first six months after birth [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza during pregnancy: Incidence, vaccination coverage and attitudes toward vaccination in the French web-based cohort G-GrippeNet

Loubet

Guerrisi

Turbelin

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza during pregnancy: Incidence, vaccination coverage and attitudes toward vaccination in the French web-based cohort G-GrippeNet

Loubet

Guerrisi

Turbelin

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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“…Early neonatal mortality after influenza epidemics was significantly higher than at other times. It was suggested that the increased mortality was the consequence of an ob vious increase in the prematurity rate [86]. The incidence of premature birth among mo thers with clinical or serological evidence of influenza infection was significantly increas ed compared to those without infection [87] and maternal infection with influenza resulted in a tendency to low birth weight in the newborn [88], It is well known that pre mature birth correlates highly with low birth weight and drastically increases the risk of hypoxic episodes and of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage which in turn could result in necrosis and subsequent permanent enlargement of the cerebral ven tricles [89], Ventricular enlargement, however, is one of the most robust neuropathologieal findings in subgroups of schizophrenic patients [56] and it is widely accepted that ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics is unrelated to age and various treatment.…”

Section: Infectious Diseases and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene-Environment Interaction in Schizophrenia: Season-of-Birth Effect Reveals -Etiologically Different Subgroups

Franzek

Beckmann²

1996

Psychopathology

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Compared to the general population, one consistent finding in schizophrenia research is a significant surplus of schizophrenic births in the winter/spring months. There is little evidence that this is attributed to statistical artefacts. The ‘harmful effects’ hypothesis offers the most plausible explanation for this phenomenon. Exogenous harmful effects, predominant during the cold season, may affect the developing immature fetal brain and thus constitute some of the factors predisposing to schizophrenic breakdown in adulthood. Neuropathological and epidemiological studies point to the second trime-non of gestation as the crucial period of fetal brain maturation. Recently, some studies found that the surplus in schizophrenic winter/spring births is mainly due to sporadic forms. In contrast, patients with high genetic risk of the disease even tended to have a birth deficit during this period. This suggests that schizophrenia is not a disease entity but consists of etiologically distinct subgroups on which the influence of genes and/or environment has to be weighted differently. On the one hand, in sporadic forms of the disease exogenous noxious agents may be of major etiological importance. On the other hand, in fetuses at high genetic risk neurodevelopment may already be disturbed due to a genetic defect and additional environmentally noxious agents can cause abortions, stillbirths and sudden infant deaths.

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“…[33][34][35] It has been suspected that influenza infection is associated with fetal or perinatal mortality. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] A small epidemiological study by Stanwell-Smith et al 36 suggested that there may be an association between influenza A and fetal death. We examined Winnebago County Death records (1916 to 1922).…”

Section: How Did Winnebago County Fare?mentioning

confidence: 99%