Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination as a model to assess C-reactive protein response to mild inflammation

Abstract

This study was set up to examine whether an influenza vaccine or an influenza vaccine in combination with pneumococcal vaccine can be used as a model to study responses to mild stimulation of the inflammatory system.In this study, 19 subjects received the influenza vaccine, 20 subjects the combination of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine. CRP and prothrombin fragment 1 and 2 (F1 + 2) were measured at baseline, and two times after vaccination. Influenza vaccination increased CRP by 0.20 mg/L, and influenza in combination with pneumococcal vaccine increased CRP by 0.60 mg/L. F1 + 2 increased 0.15 nmol/L after the combined vaccination; an increase in response to the influenza vaccination was not statistically significant.Our findings show that the influenza vaccine alone as well as the combination of the influenza and pneumococcal vaccine increases CRP-levels with a peak 2 days after vaccination.

Does an acute inflammatory response temporarily attenuate parasympathetic reactivation?

“…It is interesting to note that influenza vaccination is currently recommended by the American Heart Association to reduce the risk of complications associated with influenza in patients with cardiovascular diseases [6]. However, several studies now report that inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin 6 are significantly increased in patients with cardiovascular disease following influenza vaccination [14,18,27]. Reduced cardiac vagal tone has clinical implications as it may underlie the pathogenesis of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death [20,30].…”

“…The next day subjects were randomly assigned to receive either an influenza vaccination (influenza virus vaccine, n = 15) or a sham vaccination (sodium chloride 0.9% w/v, n = 9) into the deltoid muscle of the non-dominant arm by a registered nurse. Previous research has documented that influenza vaccination causes a mild acute phase response of the inflammatory system with increases in C-reactive protein [14,18,27]. After 48 h following each vaccination, fasting blood samples were obtained before the exercise testing and the subjects underwent treadmill exercise test.…”

Early clinical experience with a candidate meningococcal B recombinant vaccine (rMenB) in healthy adults

“…[13][14][15] CRP elevations can be precipitated by the presence of bacterial capsular polysaccharide 16 and recent work in neonates indicates that CRP can function as a marker that can predict or detect bacterial infection. 17 Additional studies indicate that CRP elevations are to be expected after immunization, especially in certain populations, such as premature infants 18,19 In the current studies, CRP elevations were transient and generally resolved within a few days. It remains unclear what the relative role of OMV and rMenB were in these elevations.…”

Unique Inflammatory Mediators and Specific IgE Levels Distinguish Local from Systemic Reactions after Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Vaccination

“…We observed increased CRP levels months after vaccination in individuals with SRs. Others have noted that a moderate increase in CRP accompanied other proinflammatory molecules in healthy term infants and adults following hepatitis B and influenza vaccine administration, respectively (48,49). However, these studies reported that CRP levels decreased 48 to 72 h after vaccination.…”