Influenza burden, prevention, and treatment in asthma‐A scoping review by the EAACI Influenza in asthma task force

Abstract

To address uncertainties in the prevention and management of influenza in people with asthma, we performed a scoping review of the published literature on influenza burden; current vaccine recommendations; vaccination coverage; immunogenicity, efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of influenza vaccines; and the benefits of antiviral drugs in people with asthma. We found significant variation in the reported rates of influenza detection in individuals with acute asthma exacerbations making it unclear to what degree influenza causes exacerbations of underlying asthma. The strongest evidence of an association was seen in studies of children. Countries in the European Union currently recommend influenza vaccination of adults with asthma; however, coverage varied between regions. Coverage was lower among children with asthma. Limited data suggest that good seroprotection and seroconversion can be achieved in both children and adults with asthma and that vaccination confers a degree of protection against influenza illness and asthma-related morbidity to children with asthma. There were insufficient data to determine efficacy in adults. Overall, influenza vaccines appeared to be safe for people with asthma. We identify knowledge gaps and make recommendations on future research needs in relation to influenza in patients with asthma.

Common Microbial Agents in Asthmatic Children With Respiratory Infection and Productive Cough

“…Asthmatic infant girls who are immunocompromised are more at risk of severe viral infections of viruses such as coronaviruses (40,41). Regarding in uenza viruses, the studies have shown that in uenza is safe for asthmatic patients (42). The low rate of u-B and negative case of u-A in the current study are consistent with the results that showed u viruses caused respiratory diseases in young and middle-aged individuals more than children (43).…”

Viruses and non-allergen environmental triggers in asthma

“…Patients with asthma are a vulnerable population during the influenza season, particularly regarding complications of influenza including pneumonia and hospitalizations. 42 In both adult and pediatric patients admitted to the hospital with influenza, the most common underlying medical condition is asthma. Patients with asthma also have a higher risk of being admitted to the intensive care unit and tend to have a more severe course compared with patients without asthma when admitted for influenza infection.…”

“…Patients with asthma also have a higher risk of being admitted to the intensive care unit and tend to have a more severe course compared with patients without asthma when admitted for influenza infection. 42 The pooled prevalence for influenza-associated asthma exacerbation is estimated to be 10%, which is much lower than either RSV or RV. 43 Infection involves epithelial cells throughout the respiratory tree, including the lower respiratory tract.…”

Highlights and recent developments in airway diseases in EAACI journals (2018)

“…118 The levels of HDM-reactive T-cell subsets, ST2 + CD45RO + CD4 + and IL-5 + IL-13 + CD27 − CD161 + CD4 + , from PBMCs are reduced after 1 year of HDM SLIT and may be used as biomarkers of a positive therapeutic outcome. 119 Allergen manufacturing and quality aspects for allergen immunotherapy in Europe and the United States: An analysis from the EAACI AIT Guidelines Project 5 The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema -the 2017 revision and update 8 Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses -differences, similarities and research needs 9 EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Executive statement 10 EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: IgE-mediated food allergy 11 EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis 15 Challenges in the implementation of the EAACI AIT guidelines: A situational analysis of current provision of allergen immunotherapy 16 Influenza burden, prevention, and treatment in asthma-A scoping review by the EAACI Influenza in asthma task force 17 EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Hymenoptera venom allergy 18 Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: An EAACI position paper 123 Promoting and achieving excellence in the delivery of Integrated Allergy Care: the European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology competencies for allied health professionals working in allergy 103 The urgent need for a harmonized severity scoring system for acute allergic reactions 127 Current practice of allergy diagnosis and the potential impact of regulation in Europe 128 EAACI/ENDA Position Paper: Diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children and adolescents 129 Emerging roles of innate lymphoid cells in inflammatory diseases: Clinical implications 130 The roadmap for allergology in Europe: The subspecialty of allergology as "stop-over" on the way to a full specialty. An EAACI position statement seasonal AR.…”

“…asthma, and food allergy in 2016 1,2 and 2017. 3 EAACI published allergen-specific immunotherapy guidelines (AIT) in 2018, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and there have been extensive literature reviews and meta-analyses on the subject. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Allergic diseases and asthma concern over 25% of the European population and cause a very high socio-economic burden.…”