“…New formulations already tested on older individuals include increasing the TIV dosage (60 g versus 15 g of HA) (Cate et al, 2009;Falsey et al, 2009); changes in the type of vaccine (live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) (De Villiers et al, 2009); virosomal vaccines (Huckriede et al, 2005); and adjuvanted vaccines with MF59 or AS03) (de Bruijn et al, 2006;Pegliasco et al, 2001;Roman et al, 2010;Leroux-Roels et al, 2010). Further formulation changes which are at early stages of development include enhancing adjuvantation of current vaccines (Keitel et al, 2008) or the development of novel adjuvant as the labile enterotoxin from E. coli, placed over the immunization site in a patch (Glenn et al, 2009); the use of life attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) in combination with current vaccines (Monto et al, 2009); DNA vaccines (Drape et al, 2006) and recombinant vaccines (Cox and Hollister, 2009;Treanor et al, 2007); the use of different modes of delivery the viral antigens have been assessed such as intradermal (Holland et al, 2008;Leroux-Roels et al, 2008); and alternative antigens (use of highly conserved maturational cleavage site of HA precursor, the external domain of the M2 protein, and the nucleoprotein) (Bianchi et al, 2005;Livingston et al, 2006).…”