Influenza epidemiology and risk factors for severe acute respiratory infection in Morocco during the 2016-2017 and 2017/2018 seasons

Ezzine, Hind; Cherkaoui, Imad; Rguig, Ahmed; Oumzil, Hisham; Mrabet, Mouad; Bimouhen, Abderrahmane; Falaki, Fatima El; Regragui, Zakia; Tarhda, Zineb; Youbi, Mohammed; Naciri, Mariam

doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.36.159.21239

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the Before-2020 group, male sex was more prone to severe disease and ICU admittance. Similarly, in studies performed before COVID-19 by Martinez et al [12], and Ezzine et al [18], male sex was more prevalent among hospitalized patients and patients who died.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Changes in Epidemiology and Antibiotic Prescription of Influenza: Before and after the Emergence of COVID-19

Rus,

Ghițoaica,

Lazăr

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Background: The appearance of COVID-19 had a major impact on healthcare and the epidemiology of other diseases. Following the cessation of non-pharmacologic interventions destined to limit the spread of COVID-19, influenza reemerged. The aim of this study was to compare the pre-pandemic influenza seasons with the influenza seasons after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify differences in terms of clinical characteristics, risk factors, complications, outcomes, and antiviral and antibiotic treatments. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from the Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases database in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. We analyzed four pre-pandemic seasons and the seasons after the onset of COVID-19. We included adult patients hospitalized with confirmed influenza between October 2016 and August 2023. Variables such as age, sex, duration of hospitalization, severity, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and Charlson comorbidity index were assessed. Results: A total of 941 patients were included in the analysis. The percentage of severe influenza was similar in both groups, but mortality from influenza was significantly lower after 2022. Virtually all patients were prescribed antivirals; antibiotic prescriptions decreased in the post-COVID-19 influenza seasons. Conclusion: The present study suggests that influenza seasons after 2022 had lower mortality and attenuated clinical presentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Changes in Epidemiology and Antibiotic Prescription of Influenza: Before and after the Emergence of COVID-19

Rus,

Ghițoaica,

Lazăr

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Higher positivity in patients with SARI compared to those with ILI except for age group ≥ 15 to < 45 years old. This variation has been demonstrated in many studies with some differences; study in Morocco showed highest positivity rates among ≥ 65 years of SARI patients compared to 5–15 years of ILI patients [ 25 ]. Study conducted in Egypt reported similar positivity among < 15 years, increase in the positivity in SARI and decrease in ILI patients ≥ 15 years old [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The multivariate analysis of this study identified risk factors for hospitalization of severe influenza-associated SARI including extremes age < 5 and ≥ 65 years and three comorbidities: diabetes, heart disease and chronic respiratory disease. These risk factors have been founded in several studies conducted in developing and developed countries [ 25 , 33 – 35 ]. As well as, they were within the risk group to whom WHO recommended influenza vaccination [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen

Amad¹,

Almoayed

2022

BMC Infect Dis

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Background The burden of seasonal influenza in conflict counties is exacerbated due to limited resource and collapse of health system. During 2018 /2019 season, two-fold increase in the incidence of influenza was reported in Yemen with 22% case fatality of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). The aims are to analyze the influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for hospitalizing influenza associated-SARI. Methodology We used a retrospective analytical study based on surveillance data. All reported patients during 2018/2019 season, fulfilling the WHO cases definition for SARI or influenza like illness (ILI), and had laboratory result from the National Laboratory were included. Influenza positivity rate was calculated, all SARI and ILI patients with positive influenza were included for further analysis by univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression. Crude and adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05 were used for statistically significant. Results Out of 2186 patients enrolled, 768 patients were tested for influenza viruses,: 19% were children < 15 years, 15% were ≥ 65 years, 69% males and 18% had co-morbidity with chronic diseases. Patients with SARI were 37% and 63% were ILI patients. Influenza viruses were detected in 411 (53.5%), 68% were influenza A subtype (H1N1)pdm09, 27% influenza B and 5% was influenza A not subtyped. The influenza positivity was significantly higher in SARI compared to ILI for patients < 15 years (95% vs, 66%, p < 0.001), and patients ≥ 65 years (83% vs. 56%, p < 0.002), respectively. The highest positivity for influenza type A and B reached 44% and 33% for patients ≥ 65 years and < 15 years, respectively. The risk factors for influenza-associated SARI in multivariate analysis included age < 5 [AOR 2.8] and ≥ 65 years old [AOR 3.1] compared to age 5– < 25 years, diabetes [AOR 4.7], heart diseases [AOR 3.1] and chronic respiratory diseases [AOR 5.0]. Conclusion The influenza positivity during 2018/2019 winter season was high in Yemen and varied by age distribution. Influenza subtype A (H1N1) pdm09 was the predominant and co circulated with influenza B. An influenza vaccination program for the risk group is necessary. Strengthening lab capacity to detect respiratory pathogens and further prospective study for more comprehensive picture are recommended.

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“…These changes have been linked to the IFN cascade and are correlated with increased type I IFN levels. Both type I and III IFN signaling were similarly found to hinder clearance of S. aureus from the nasopharynx in the context of superinfection [ 36 ]. Type I IFNs are involved in the formation and activation of the inflammasome, the subsequent activation of caspase-1 and generation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 [ 83 ].…”

Section: Antibiotic Properties Of Nasal Microbiome and Impacts On Local Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory and Neurological Disease across Different Ethnic Groups Is Influenced by the Microbiome

Peace

Rachakonda

Kress³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Acute and chronic upper respiratory illnesses such as asthma, and allergic rhinitis (AR) have been linked to the presence of microorganisms in the nose. Microorganisms can exist in symbiotic or commensal relationships with the human body. However, in certain cases, opportunistic pathogens can take over, leading to altered states (dysbiosis) and causing disease. Thus, the microflora present in a host can be useful to reflect health status. The human body contains 10 trillion to 100 trillion microorganisms. Of these populations, certain pathogens have been identified to promote or undermine wellbeing. Therefore, knowledge of the microbiome is potentially helpful as a diagnostic tool for many diseases. Variations have been recognized in the types of microbes that inhabit various populations based on geography, diet, and lifestyle choices and various microbiota have been shown to modulate immune responses in allergic disease. Interestingly, the diseases affected by these changes are prevalent in certain racial or ethnic populations. These prevalent microbiome variations in these groups suggest that the presence of these microorganisms may be significantly associated with health disparities. We review current research in the search for correlations between ethnic diversity, microbiome communities in the nasal cavity and health outcomes in neurological and respiratory functions.

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Influenza epidemiology and risk factors for severe acute respiratory infection in Morocco during the 2016-2017 and 2017/2018 seasons

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Changes in Epidemiology and Antibiotic Prescription of Influenza: Before and after the Emergence of COVID-19

Changes in Epidemiology and Antibiotic Prescription of Influenza: Before and after the Emergence of COVID-19

Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen

Respiratory and Neurological Disease across Different Ethnic Groups Is Influenced by the Microbiome

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