Influenza Pandemics of 1918 and 2009: A Comparative Account

Khanna, Madhu; Saxena, Latika; Gupta, Ankit; Kumar, Binod; Rajput, Roopali

doi:10.2217/fvl.13.18

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Based on risk factor analysis, age group 15-24 years old has higher risk to be infected by H1N1pdm09. This finding is consistent with the previous study that has been conducted in 11 states where 75% of confirmed cases of influenza H1N1pdm09 infection were at age <30 years with a peak at 10-19 years of age [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Lesson Learned from the Emergence of Influenza Pandemic H1N1 in 2009 in Indonesia: The Importance of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) Surveillance

Roselinda¹,

Agustiningsih²,

Setiawaty

2013

ISRN Infectious Diseases

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Background. In 2009 there were outbreaks of influenza pandemic H1N1 in Indonesia that were caused by different virus from the previous circulated H1N1. Further, the influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance plays an important role in the early detection of influenza outbreaks in outpatients. To understand the disease burden of ILI in the community at the time of H1N1 pandemic 2009, a sentinel-based survey was performed. Methods. The nasal and throat swabs were obtained from 20 primary health centers of ILI sentinel in Indonesia in 2009. Identification of virus influenza pandemic H1N1 was carried out by real-time RT-PCR using primers that are specific for influenza A. Results. Out of 3254 ILI cases from community-based ILI surveillance in 2009, 11.03% cases were Influenza A positive and 42.59% cases were influenza pandemic H1N1. The first influenza pandemic HINI case was detected at week 15 in April, a case from the province of Banda Aceh, reaching a peak in August and ending at week 44 in November of 2009. Conclusion. The influenza pandemic H1N1 outbreak was detected in ILI surveillance network in Indonesia. This outbreak lasted for eight months which was the final wave of the influenza pandemic H1N1 in the world.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Lesson Learned from the Emergence of Influenza Pandemic H1N1 in 2009 in Indonesia: The Importance of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) Surveillance

Roselinda¹,

Agustiningsih²,

Setiawaty

2013

ISRN Infectious Diseases

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“…Both influenza A and B viruses are known to cause annual epidemics and a strict surveillance program throughout the world is in action to monitor the slightest changes in their genome due to genetic drift or shift. IAV has also been associated with several pandemics in the past however, the IBV and ICV has never been the cause of any pandemic scenario owing to their limitation of host range and less frequent mutations reported till date [4,6,9]. The surveillance activities related to ICVs have not gained much importance compared to IAVs and IBVs as it has been associated with mild clinical conditions.…”

Section: Origin Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Of Influenza D Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are enveloped viruses with segmented genome, comprising of single stranded negative sense RNA. Influenza viruses cause acute respiratory illness and of the four known types, the influenza A virus is a significant public health concern with highest rates of morbidity and fatality [4,5,6]. They have a wide host range (Figure 1) and often jumps the species barrier [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Influenza D Virus Threat: What We Know so Far!

Asha

Kumar

2019

JCM

Self Cite

105

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Influenza viruses, since time immemorial, have been the major respiratory pathogen known to infect a wide variety of animals, birds and reptiles with established lineages. They belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and cause acute respiratory illness often during local outbreaks or seasonal epidemics and occasionally during pandemics. Recent studies have identified a new genus within the Orthomyxoviridae family. This newly identified pathogen, D/swine/Oklahoma/1334/2011 (D/OK), first identified in pigs with influenza-like illness was classified as the influenza D virus (IDV) which is distantly related to the previously characterized human influenza C virus. Several other back-to-back studies soon suggested cattle as the natural reservoir and possible involvement of IDV in the bovine respiratory disease complex was established. Not much is known about its likelihood to cause disease in humans, but it definitely poses a potential threat as an emerging pathogen in cattle-workers. Here, we review the evolution, epidemiology, virology and pathobiology of influenza D virus and the possibility of transmission among various hosts and potential to cause human disease.

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“…Seasonal influenza viruses are one of the foremost public health concerns, especially influenza type A viruses that have been associated with the annual epidemics worldwide [33]. The recent 2009 H1N1 pandemic caused high morbidity [34,35] and mortality [36,37,38], and was a reminder that influenza viruses are highly unpredictable [3,39,40,41] and continuous efforts are needed to manage pandemic scenarios in short time. Antiviral drugs that are currently approved to treat influenza include the Adamantanes (M2 ion-channel protein inhibitors) and the neuraminidase inhibitors such as zanamivir and oseltamivir [42].…”

Section: Nucleic Acid-based Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Nucleic Acid Based Therapeutics against Respiratory Viral Infections

Asha

Kumar

Sanicas³

et al. 2018

JCM

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Several viruses cause pulmonary infections due to their shared tropism with cells of the respiratory tract. These respiratory problems due to viral infection become a public health concern due to rapid transmission through air/aerosols or via direct-indirect contact with infected persons. In addition, the cross-species transmission causes alterations to viral genetic makeup thereby increasing the risk of emergence of pathogens with new and more potent infectivity. With the introduction of effective nucleic acid-based technologies, post translational gene silencing (PTGS) is being increasingly used to silence viral gene targets and has shown promising approach towards management of many viral infections. Since several host factors are also utilized by these viruses during various stages of infection, silencing these host factors can also serve as promising therapeutic tool. Several nucleic acid-based technologies such as short interfering RNAs (siRNA), antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes), and ribozymes have been studied and used against management of respiratory viruses. These therapeutic nucleic acids can be efficiently delivered through the airways. Studies have also shown efficacy of gene therapy in clinical trials against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well as models of respiratory diseases including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), measles and influenza. In this review, we have summarized some of the recent advancements made in the area of nucleic acid based therapeutics and highlighted the emerging roles of nucleic acids in the management of some of the severe respiratory viral infections. We have also focused on the methods of their delivery and associated challenges.

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Influenza Pandemics of 1918 and 2009: A Comparative Account

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Lesson Learned from the Emergence of Influenza Pandemic H1N1 in 2009 in Indonesia: The Importance of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) Surveillance

Lesson Learned from the Emergence of Influenza Pandemic H1N1 in 2009 in Indonesia: The Importance of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) Surveillance

Emerging Influenza D Virus Threat: What We Know so Far!

Advancements in Nucleic Acid Based Therapeutics against Respiratory Viral Infections

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