Influenza Vaccination Assessment according to a Value-Based Health Care Approach

Abstract

Background. Seasonal influenza has a considerable public health impact, and vaccination is the key to preventing its consequences. Our aim was to describe how the value of influenza vaccination is addressed in the scientific literature considering a new value framework based on four pillars (personal, allocative, technical, and societal value). Methods. A systematic review was conducted by querying three databases. The analysis was performed on international studies focused on influenza vaccination value, and the four value pillars were taken into consideration for their description. Results. Overall, 40 studies were considered. Most of them focused on influenza vaccination in the general population (27.5%), emphasizing its value for all age groups. Most studies addressed technical value (70.4%), especially in terms of economic models and cost drivers to be considered for the economic evaluations of influenza vaccines, and societal value (63%), whereas few dealt with personal (37%) and allocative values (22.2%). Conclusions. The whole value of influenza vaccination is still not completely recognized. Knowledge and communication of the whole value of influenza vaccination is essential to guide value-based health policies. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement initiatives that involve all relevant stakeholders.

What Type of Person Should I Be? About the Appeal to Virtues in Public Health Interventions

“…This new framework is built on four value pillars: appropriate care to achieve patients' personal goals (personal value), achievement of best possible outcomes with available resources (technical value), equitable resource distribution across all patient groups (allocative value), and contribution of healthcare to social participation and connectedness (societal value). The values framework proposed by EXPH has also been applied to the vaccination field [22,23], emphasizing that personal and social values are not yet much investigated and taken into consideration. Instead, the understanding of the broad value of vaccination and the effective translation of this knowledge to the different stakeholders is essential to strengthen vaccination policies and strategies and counteract disinformation and misinformation [24].…”

Efetividade e eventos adversos da vacina contra influenza H1N1: Uma revisão integrativa

“…Esses estudos têm consistentemente demonstrado que a vacinação proporciona uma proteção significativa contra a infecção pelo vírus H1N1 e suas complicações associadas. Com isso, vem sendo observado uma redução substancial na incidência da doença sintomática, hospitalização e mortalidade relacionadas à influenza (Godoy et al, 2018;Thompson et al, 2018;Chow et al, 2019;Calabro et al, 2022). A eficácia da vacina pode variar de acordo com diversos fatores, incluindo a idade e o estado imunológico do indivíduo, a correspondência entre as cepas virais incluídas na vacina e as cepas circulantes, e a qualidade da resposta imune induzida pela vacina (Lewnard & Cobey, 2018;McLean & Belongia, 2021;Nuwarda et al, 2021;Martins et al, 2023).…”

Real-World Evidence in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Enhanced Influenza Vaccines in Adults ≥ 65 Years of Age: Literature Review and Expert Opinion

“…The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that 3.7 million medical visits, 105,000 hospitalizations, and 6300 deaths related to influenza were prevented by vaccination during the 2019–2020 influenza season [ 2 ]. The overall value of influenza vaccination may be underestimated [ 3 ].…”

“…All populations can benefit from influenza vaccination, although certain groups, including older adults ≥ 65 years of age, are at greater risk of influenza-related complications [ 1 , 3 ]. Older individuals, who show age-related declines in immune system function [ 9 ], have disproportionately high rates of seasonal influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths [ 2 , 10 ].…”