Influenza vaccination in HIV infected children: immunologic and viral load changes

Carvalho, Aroldo P. de; Dutra, Luiz Carlos; Tonelli, E

doi:10.2223/jped.934

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The mean CD4 count after 6 months had increased back towards the baseline. A similar transient dip in CD4 count was seen in a prospective observational study among 51 HIV‐positive children in Rio De Janeiro after receiving seasonal influenza vaccine . Some of our study participants experienced viral ‘blips’ post‐vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…A similar transient dip in CD4 count was seen in a prospective observational study among 51 HIV-positive children in Rio De Janeiro after receiving seasonal influenza vaccine. 25 Some of our study participants experienced viral 'blips' post-vaccination. While not of sufficient magnitude to merit alteration in management, it may suggest mobilization of a latently infected CD4+ memory cell reservoir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV virological suppression influences response to the AS03‐adjuvanted monovalent pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine in HIV‐infected children

Leahy

Goode

Lynam

et al. 2014

Influenza Resp Viruses

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DesignChildren with HIV are especially susceptible to complications from influenza infection, and effective vaccines are central to reducing disease burden in this population. We undertook a prospective, observational study to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the inactivated split-virion AS03-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1(2009) vaccine in children with HIV.SettingNational referral centre for Paediatric HIV in Ireland.SampleTwenty four children with HIV were recruited consecutively and received two doses of the vaccine. The serological response was measured before each vaccine dose (Day 0 and Day 28) and 2 months after the booster dose. Antibody titres were measured using a haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Seroprotection was defined as a HAI titre ≥ 1:40; seroconversion was defined as a ≥ fourfold increase in antibody titre and a postvaccination titre ≥ 1:40.Main outcome measuresThe seroconversion rates after prime and booster doses were 75% and 71%, respectively. HIV virological suppression at the time of immunization was associated with a significantly increased seroconversion rate (P = 0·009), magnitude of serological response (P = 0·02) and presence of seroprotective HAI titres (P = 0·017) two months after the booster dose. No other factor was significantly associated with the seroconversion/seroprotection rate. No serious adverse effects were reported. Vaccination had no impact on HIV disease progression. The AS03-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 vaccine appears to be safe and immunogenic among HIV-infected children. A robust serological response appears to be optimized by adherence to a HAART regimen delivering virological suppression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV virological suppression influences response to the AS03‐adjuvanted monovalent pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine in HIV‐infected children

Leahy

Goode

Lynam

et al. 2014

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Seroprotection was defined as the percentage of vaccines with an ABT Ն 1:40. Together with the main outcome, these secondary outcomes were used to evaluate immunogenicity (6). For a further outcome, we studied the changes in ABTs during 12 months using mixed linear regression models (see "Statistical analysis" below).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Immunogenicity after One and Two Doses of a Monovalent MF59-Adjuvanted A/H1N1 Influenza Virus Vaccine Coadministered with the Seasonal 2009-2010 Nonadjuvanted Influenza Virus Vaccine in HIV-Infected Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Viganò

Giacomet

Pariani

et al. 2011

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Few data are available on the safety and long-term immunogenicity of A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccines for HIV-infected pediatric patients. We performed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and long-term immunogenicity of 1 versus 2 doses of the 2009 monovalent pandemic influenza A/H1N1 MF59-adjuvanted vaccine (PV) coadministered with the seasonal 2009-2010 trivalent nonadjuvanted influenza vaccine (SV) to HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults. A total of 66 HIV-infected patients aged 9 to 26 years were randomized to receive one (group 1) or two (group 2) doses of PV coadministered with 1 dose of SV. The main outcome was the seroconversion rate for PV at 1 month. Secondary outcomes were the geometric mean titer ratios and the seroprotection rates at 1 month for all vaccines, seroconversion rates at 1 month for SV, and longitudinal changes of antibody titers (ABTs) at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months for all vaccines. Groups 1 and 2 had similar CD4 counts and HIV RNA levels during the study. The seroconversion rate for PV was 100% at 1 month in both groups. ABTs for PV were high during the first 6 months and declined below seroprotection levels thereafter. Longitudinal changes in ABTs were similar in groups 1 and 2 for both PV and SV. The side effects of vaccination were mild and mostly local. In HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults, the immune response triggered by a single dose of PV was similar to that obtained with a double dose and was associated with long-term antibody response.

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“…Similar results were previously reported, with no significant difference in the levels of HIV viral load between the moment of application of the influenza vaccine and 14-20 days and 60-90 days after its administration. 21 Several viruses could be identified during vaccination follow-up, highlighting that sensitive techniques are crucial to confirm influenza infection, considering the clinical similarities with other respiratory infections. In addition, our study also demonstrated that respiratory symptoms following influenza vaccination are generally caused by other respiratory viruses and are not necessarily indicative of vaccine failure.…”

Section: Hiv and Immunogenicity Of Influenza Vaccine 1001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Communication: Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and Postvaccination Influenza Surveillance in HIV-Infected and Noninfected Children and Adolescents

Machado

Boas

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Individuals infected with HIV are at higher risk for severe cases of seasonal influenza infection and should receive annual doses of vaccine. Our objectives were to evaluate the immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine in 37 HIV-infected patients (HIV group) compared to 29 uninfected individuals (control group) and to carry out a clinical and virological surveillance of influenza during a 6-month follow-up. Both groups received the vaccine recommended for the southern hemisphere in 2008. Antibody responses to antigens H1N1, H3N2, and B were measured in blood samples at vaccination (T0) and after 1 month (T1). Influenza surveillance was performed by weekly telephone calls for a follow-up period of 6 months. Nasal washes were taken from subjects with respiratory symptoms. The direct immunofluorescence assay in house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR were used for the detection of different respiratory viruses. The median age of the participants was 13.3 years (sd = 2.2) and 12.1 years (sd = 1.3) for the HIV group and control group, respectively. One month after vaccination (T1), both groups showed significant increases in the antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) for all antigens. However, healthy controls showed higher values for antigens A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 (p = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). There was a higher increase in the percentage of HIV-uninfected subjects with protective A/H1N1 antibodies (96.6%) compared to HIV-infected vaccinees (67.6%) at T1 (p = 0.004). Rhinovirus (27.7%) and coronavirus (22.5%) were the most prevalent agents identified in HIV-infected individuals. In the control group, the viruses most frequently found were rhinovirus (24.2%) and adenovirus (21.2%). The seroprotection rate for the H1N1 antigen was higher in the control group, which also showed a greater increase in GMTs for H1N1 and H3N2 antigens after immunization. Viral agents were identified in 39/60 (65%) episodes of respiratory infections from the HIV-infected group and in 17/32 episodes (53.1%) from the control group (p = 0.273).

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Influenza vaccination in HIV infected children: immunologic and viral load changes

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

HIV virological suppression influences response to the AS03‐adjuvanted monovalent pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine in HIV‐infected children

HIV virological suppression influences response to the AS03‐adjuvanted monovalent pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine in HIV‐infected children

Long-Term Immunogenicity after One and Two Doses of a Monovalent MF59-Adjuvanted A/H1N1 Influenza Virus Vaccine Coadministered with the Seasonal 2009-2010 Nonadjuvanted Influenza Virus Vaccine in HIV-Infected Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Short Communication: Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and Postvaccination Influenza Surveillance in HIV-Infected and Noninfected Children and Adolescents

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