Influenza Vaccine and Autoimmune Diseases

Jara, Luis J.; Medina, Gabriela; Dominguez, Pilar Cruz; Vera‐Lastra, Olga; Saavedra, Miguel Ángel; Mercado, Mónica; Satoh, Minoru

doi:10.1002/9781118663721.ch18

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The mechanism of how the fT3 influences the evolution and outcome of AE remains elusive. A variety of evidence supports the speculation that autoimmune diseases may challenge the bidirectional communication among the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems (Jara et al, 2013). Such disturbance in homeostatic-molecular balance participates in autoimmunity and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (Di Comite et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Low triiodothyronine (T3) levels predict worse outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis—A meta‐analysis of current literature

Rehan,

ul Hussain,

Ali

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionAn unusual association between thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune encephalitis (AE) was noticed when patients presented with low free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels and antithyroid antibodies. We conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate whether thyroid dysfunction, that is, lower fT3 levels are associated with worsening clinical manifestations and prognosis in patients with AE.MethodsLiterature search of five electronic databases was performed till April 5, 2023. Inclusion criteria were as follows: Observational studies reporting patients with all subtypes of AE and assessing thyroid dysfunction categorized as low fT3 and non‐low fT3. Primary endpoints included modified Rankin scale (mRS) at admission, abnormal magnetic resonance imaging, length of stay, seizures, and consciousness declination.ResultsComprehensive literature search resulted in 5127 studies. After duplicate removal and full‐text screening, six observational studies were included in this analysis. Patients with low fT3 were 2.95 times more likely to experience consciousness declination (p = .0003), had higher mRS at admission (p < .00001), had 3.14 times increased chances of having a tumor (p = .003), were 3.88 times more likely to experience central hypoventilation, and were 2.36 times more likely to have positivity for antithyroid antibodies (p = .009) as compared to patients with non‐low fT3.ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest that low fT3 levels might be related to a more severe disease state, implying the significance of thyroid hormones in AE pathogenesis. This finding is crucial in not only improving the early diagnosis of severe AE but also in the efficient management of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Low triiodothyronine (T3) levels predict worse outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis—A meta‐analysis of current literature

Rehan,

ul Hussain,

Ali

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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“…The licensed HPV vaccines, regardless of their safety, were occasionally found associated with adverse immune reactions such as skin rash, vasculitis, arthralgia, visual disturbances, thrombocytopenia, autoimmune thyroid disease, Raynaude´s syndrome and others [11]. At last, but not least, the influenza virus vaccine was also found associated with autoimmune reactions, namely vasculitis, microscopic polyangiitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, GBS, narcolepsy and related neurological disturbances [12]. Thus, the yesterday's triumphal vaccines, which, though in a modified manner, are still in use and certainly inevitable today, evoke some concern and a variety of challenges to be solved when producing the vaccines of tomorrow [13].…”

Section: Vaccination and The Related Autoimmune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide Vaccines: New Trends for Avoiding the Autoimmune Response

Rajčáni¹,

Szathmáry²

2018

TOIDJ

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Background:Several marketed antiviral vaccines (such as that against hepatitis virus A and/or B, influenza virus, human papillomavirus, yellow fever virus, measles, rubella and mumps viruses) may elicit various autoimmune reactions.Results:The cause of autoimmune response due to vaccination may be: 1. the adjuvant which is regularly added to the vaccine (especially in the case of various oil substrates), 2. the specific viral component itself (a protein or glycoprotein potentially possessing cross-reactive epitopes) and/or 3. contamination of the vaccine with traces of non-viral proteins mostly cellular in origin. Believing that peptide vaccines might represent an optimal solution for avoiding the above-mentioned problems, we discuss the principles of rational design of a typical peptide vaccine which should contain oligopeptides coming either from the selected structural virion components (i.e.capsid proteins and/or envelop glycoproteins or both) or from the virus-coded non-structural polypeptides. The latter should be equally immunogenic as the structural virus proteins. Describing the feasibility of identification and design of immunogenic epitopes, our paper also deals with possible problems of peptide vaccine manufacturing. The presented data are in part based on the experience of our own, in part, they are coming from the results published by others.Conclusion:Any peptide vaccine should be able to elicit relevant and specific antibody formation, as well as an efficient cell-mediated immune response. Consequently, the properly designed peptide vaccine is expected to consist of carefully selected viral peptides, which should stimulate the receptors of helper T/CD4 cells as well as of cytotoxic (T/CD8) lymphocytes.

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