Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Australia: results from the Australian Sentinel Practices Research Network

Sullivan, Sheena G.; Chilver, Monique; Higgins, G.; Cheng, Allen; Stocks, Nigel

doi:10.5694/mja14.00106

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Eight studies reported the type of swab used, i.e. flocked [31, 67, 100, 91, 94, 95], cellular foam [82] or flocked/cotton [47]. The type of swab and swab site used to collect the sample may affect the quality of the sample collected and therefore sensitivity of the testing procedure [101, 102], although the specificity is likely to be high [103, 104] and so swab quality may only minimally bias VE estimates (see Box 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in one study, the comparison group comprised patients who tested negative for influenza and positive for a non-influenza respiratory virus [67]. In addition, seven studies included sensitivity analyses comparing influenza-positive patients with non-influenza respiratory virus-positive patients as well as pan-negative patients [19, 26, 47, 60, 82, 84, 109]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Sullivan¹,

Feng²,

Cowling³

2014

Expert Review of Vaccines

Self Cite

162

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Background The test-negative design is a variant of the case control study being increasingly used to study influenza vaccine effectiveness. In these studies, patients with influenza-like illness are tested for influenza. Vaccine coverage is compared between those testing positive versus those testing negative to estimate vaccine effectiveness. Objectives We reviewed features in the design, analysis and reporting of 85 published test-negative studies. Data sources Studies were identified from PubMed, reference lists and email updates. Study eligibility All studies using the test-negative design reporting end-of-season estimates were included. Study appraisal Design features that may affect the validity and comparability of reported estimates were reviewed, including setting, study period, source population, case definition, exposure and outcome ascertainment and statistical model. Results There was considerable variation in the analytic approach, with 68 unique statistical models identified among the studies. Conclusion Harmonisation of analytic approaches may improve the potential for pooling vaccine effectiveness estimates.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Sullivan¹,

Feng²,

Cowling³

2014

Expert Review of Vaccines

Self Cite

162

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, two other studies from Australia and New Zealand examined vaccine effectiveness estimates for a single influenza season by alternative control groups, and very similar estimates were derived using influenza negative controls and other respiratory viruses positive controls. 29,44 Three other studies that recruited relatively smaller numbers of patients in single influenza seasons found larger differences in vaccine effectiveness point estimates by alternative control groups with overlapping confidence intervals. 21,31,45 Although virus interference was given as a possible explanation for differences in vaccine effectiveness estimates by control group, those studies may have been underpowered to identify real effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,29,41-44 Four studies examined virus interference from pooled estimates over more than one influenza season: one of these studies recruited children in hospitals in Australia, 42 one recruited children from hospitals in Hong Kong, 7 one recruited hospitalized pneumonia patients of all ages in the United States 43 and one included children and older adults seeking ambulatory care or admitted to hospitals in the US. 41 Consistently, no effect of virus interference was detected according to pooled estimates across several influenza seasons in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Virus Interference in a Test-negative Study of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The observational test-negative study design is used to estimate vaccine effectiveness against influenza virus infection. An important assumption of the test-negative design is that vaccination does not affect the risk of infection with another virus. If such virus interference occurred, detection of other respiratory viruses would be more common among influenza vaccine recipients and vaccine effectiveness estimates could differ. We evaluated the potential for virus interference using data from the Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project. Methods From 2010 to 2013, outpatients presenting to clinics in 13 US jurisdictions with acute respiratory infections were tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses. We investigated whether virus interference might affect vaccine effectiveness estimates by first evaluating the sensitivity of estimates using alternative control groups that include or exclude patients with other respiratory virus detections by age group and early/middle/late stage of influenza seasons. Second, we evaluated the association between influenza vaccination receipt and other respiratory virus detection among influenza test negative patients. Results Influenza was detected in 3,743/10,650 patients (35%), and overall vaccine effectiveness was 47% (95% CI: 42%, 52%). Estimates using each control group were consistent overall or when stratified by age groups, and there were no differences among early, middle, or late phase during influenza season. We found no associations between detection of other respiratory viruses and receipt of influenza vaccination. Conclusions In this 3-year test-negative design study in an outpatient setting in the United States, we found no evidence of virus interference or impact on influenza vaccine effectiveness estimation.

show abstract

“…Another network, FluCAN (Australian Influenza Complications Alert Network) [15], records hospital attendance and admissions from patients suffering from influenza across all age groups. These networks allow the estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medical attendance for community-based individuals [16] and against hospital admission each year [17]. These detection methods are supplemented by a national online weekly reporting surveillance system for cough and fever (Flutracking) [18], as well as a national medical hotline [19], which records enquiries related to ILI.…”

Section: Surveillance In Australia and New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Pandemic Influenza Virus Detection Relies on the Existing Influenza Surveillance Systems: A Perspective from Australia and New Zealand

Jennings

Barr

2019

TropicalMed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Australia: results from the Australian Sentinel Practices Research Network

Abstract: Vaccination against influenza was modestly protective, reducing the risk of medical presentation with influenza by around 23%.

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Assessment of Virus Interference in a Test-negative Study of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness

Future Pandemic Influenza Virus Detection Relies on the Existing Influenza Surveillance Systems: A Perspective from Australia and New Zealand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About