Influenza vaccine strain selection and recent studies on the global migration of seasonal influenza viruses

Russell, Colin A.; Jones, Terry C.; Barr, Ian G.; Cox, Nancy J.; Garten, Rebecca; Gregory, Victoria; Gust, Ian D.; Hampson, Alan W.; Hay, Alan J.; Hurt, Aeron C.; Jong, J.C. de; Kelso, Anne; Klimov, Alexander; Kageyama, Tsutomu; Komadina, Naomi; Lapedes, Alan S.; Lin, Yi Pu; Mosterín, Ana; Obuchi, Masatsugu; Odagiri, Takato; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Shaw, Michael; Skepner, Eugene; Stöhr, Klaus; Tashiro, Masato; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Smith, Derek J.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.078

Cited by 207 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…2 E and F) of H3N2 vaccine viruses show that the antigenic drift of HA and NA of this subtype is also discordant. A major step in HA antigenic drift between WU/95 and A/Sydney/5/1997 (SY/97) was well-recognized previously (10,16). However, there is almost no genetic or antigenic difference between the NAs of WU/95 and SY/97.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vigilant surveillance by public health agencies is required to maximize the match between seasonal vaccine antigens and predominant circulating viruses (10,11). At present, vaccine strainselection decisions are based on antigenic characterization of HA coupled with HA and NA genetic data, also taking into consideration epidemiologic and human serologic data (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Discordant antigenic drift of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin in H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses

Sandbulte

Westgeest²,

Gao³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Seasonal epidemics caused by influenza virus are driven by antigenic changes (drift) in viral surface glycoproteins that allow evasion from preexisting humoral immunity. Antigenic drift is a feature of not only the hemagglutinin (HA), but also of neuraminidase (NA). We have evaluated the antigenic evolution of each protein in H1N1 and H3N2 viruses used in vaccine formulations during the last 15 y by analysis of HA and NA inhibition titers and antigenic cartography. As previously shown for HA, genetic changes in NA did not always lead to an antigenic change. The noncontinuous pattern of NA drift did not correspond closely with HA drift in either subtype. Although NA drift was demonstrated using ferret sera, we show that these changes also impact recognition by NA-inhibiting antibodies in human sera. Remarkably, a single point mutation in the NA of A/Brisbane/59/2007 was primarily responsible for the lack of inhibition by polyclonal antibodies specific for earlier strains. These data underscore the importance of NA inhibition testing to define antigenic drift when there are sequence changes in NA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discordant antigenic drift of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin in H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses

Sandbulte

Westgeest²,

Gao³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

221

185

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“…The selected AI virus isolates (14) were grown in 10-day old SPF-ECE and the allantoic fluid was harvested after incubation at 37°C for 48-72 h. The viruses were inactivated by beta-propiolactone (BPL) at a final concentration of 0.05 % for 4 h at 37°C with intermittent stirring and then keeping at 4°C overnight for hydrolysis of the BPL followed by adjustment of pH to 7.2 using sterile 7.5 % sodium bicarbonate solution (w/v). The inactivation was confirmed by inoculation in chorio-allantoic sac of 9-dayold SPF-ECE till three passages without any evidence of virus growth as detected by HA test.…”

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Indian H5n1 Virus Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of human influenza vaccines, the high sequence similarity between the HA protein amino acid sequence of the vaccine and challenge strain is known to be critical for optimal efficacy [14,16]. Though, in case of AI vaccines for poultry, the protection is much broader than human influenza vaccines, but a correlation in sequence similarity of vaccine virus with challenge strain and virus shedding after challenge has been observed [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and antigenic analysis of H5N1 viruses for selection of HA-donor virus for vaccine strains

et al. 2013

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“…This allows selection of variants with altered antigenic structures, enabling escape from prior immunity. The licensed trivalent influenza vaccines are therefore reformulated annually to ensure inclusion of the antigenically appropriate influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B virus [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Differences in T cell responses to Live, Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines

Eichelberger¹,

Rivers²,

Ream³

et al. 2012

J Clin Cell Immunol

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Annual epidemics of influenza cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) and live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) are licensed in the United States, and both are effective in preventing disease in persons younger than 49. Serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers correlate with TIV but not LAIV efficacy, suggesting that additional effector mechanisms are induced to the live, attenuated vaccine and play an important role in protection against disease. For this reason there is a need to identify surrogate markers of LAIV efficacy that are easily measured in robust assays. We have compared the immunogenicity of TIV and LAIV in a small clinical study (16 age-matched volunteers in each vaccine group) by measuring serologic responses using traditional HI and NA inhibition assays as well as a sensitive cell-based neutralization assay. In addition, we evaluated cellular responses by measuring the quantity and quality of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8 + T cells following vaccination. The quality of the CD4 + T cell response was different for each vaccination group, with CD4 + T cell proliferation and increased secretion of IFN-γ characteristic of responses following immunization with LAIV, while antigen-specific T cells that secreted IL-5 were more frequently measured from TIV recipients. Our results suggest that sensitive, serologic assays with broad specificity, together with CD4 + T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion provide a more complete measure of the immunogenicity of LAIV in adults, and could be used to enhance the identification of vaccine responders.

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Influenza vaccine strain selection and recent studies on the global migration of seasonal influenza viruses

Cited by 207 publications

References 11 publications

Discordant antigenic drift of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin in H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses

Discordant antigenic drift of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin in H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses

Genetic and antigenic analysis of H5N1 viruses for selection of HA-donor virus for vaccine strains

Qualitative Differences in T cell responses to Live, Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines

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