inFORM

Follmer, Sean; Leithinger, Daniel; Olwal, Alex; Hogge, Akimitsu; Ishii, Hiroshi

doi:10.1145/2501988.2502032

Cited by 502 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Other systems such as Lumen [33], InForm [10] or ShapeClip [12] have adapted this concept to different sizes and formats. Surflex [6] relied in shape memory alloys embedded in foam, the Actuated Workbench [27] or BubbleWrap [2] used magnets, while Takashima et al [42] used flat panels mounted on Roomba robots, to mention just some approaches.…”

Section: Shape Changing Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

MistForm

Tokuda

Norasikin

Subramanian

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Figure 1. (A) MistForm is a shape-changing fog screen, enabling single user and two user interaction (B) with 2D or 3D content. (C) We describe a computational approach and projection algorithm which work together to minimize artifacts (shape distortion and uneven brightness) related to projecting on a shape changing fog display (note parallel edges and brightness in the checkerboard). ABSTRACTWe present MistForm, a shape changing fog display that can support one or two users interacting with either 2D or 3D content. Mistform combines affordances from both shape changing interfaces and mid-air displays. For example, a concave display can maintain content in comfortable reach for a single user, while a convex shape can support several users engaged on individual tasks. MistForm also enables unique interaction possibilities by exploiting the synergies between shape changing interfaces and mid-air fog displays. For instance, moving the screen will affect the brightness and blurriness of the screen at specific locations around the display, creating spaces with similar (collaboration) or different visibility (personalized content). We describe the design of MistForm and analyse its inherent challenges, such as image distortion and uneven brightness on dynamic curved surfaces. We provide a machine learning approach to characterize the shape of the screen and a rendering algorithm to remove aberrations. We finally explore novel interactive possibilities and reflect on their potential and limitations.

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Section: Shape Changing Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

MistForm

Tokuda

Norasikin

Subramanian

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…Previous shape displays propose rendering information through physical shapes [21] and inFORM investigates constraining and moving physical objects through shape change [7]. Physical Telepresence extends this approach to enables the remote handling of objects through the user's body shape [15].…”

Section: Shape Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All described experiments and actuation scenarios were done using the inFORM system [7]. The inFORM shape display consists of 30 x 30 motorized pins that cover an area of 381 X 381 mm.…”

Section: System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Kinetic Blocks

Schoessler

Windham

Leithinger

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software &Amp; Technology

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Pin-based shape displays not only give physical form to digital information, they have the inherent ability to accurately move and manipulate objects placed on top of them. In this paper we focus on such object manipulation: we present ideas and techniques that use the underlying shape change to give kinetic ability to otherwise inanimate objects. First, we describe the shape display's ability to assemble, disassemble, and reassemble structures from simple passive building blocks through stacking, scaffolding, and catapulting. A technical evaluation demonstrates the reliability of the presented techniques. Second, we introduce special kinematic blocks that are actuated and sensed through the underlying pins. These blocks translate vertical pin movements into other degrees of freedom like rotation or horizontal movement. This interplay of the shape display with objects on its surface allows us to render otherwise inaccessible forms, like overhangs, and enables richer input and output.

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“…With the special "soft" features, stretchable EL devices can be applied where demanding deformations such as volumetric 3D displays, which can present the objects in three physical dimensions, and interactive displays, which can provide users tactile interaction beside conventional planar graphic information, are required. Prototype applications were demonstrated by the MIT Tangible Media Groups by using 2D actuation arrays and a top projector to achieve dynamic shape displays [5]. Another example was created by Sif Khan, which is known as the MegaFaces in 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices

Wang

Lee

2017

Nanophotonics

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Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are a new form of mechanically deformable electronics that are gaining increasing interests and believed to be one of the essential technologies for next generation lighting and display applications. Apart from the simple bending capability in flexible EL devices, the stretchable EL devices are required to withstand larger mechanical deformations and accommodate stretching strain beyond 10%. The excellent mechanical conformability in these devices enables their applications in rigorous mechanical conditions such as flexing, twisting, stretching, and folding.The stretchable EL devices can be conformably wrapped onto arbitrary curvilinear surface and respond seamlessly to the external or internal forces, leading to unprecedented applications that cannot be addressed with conventional technologies. For example, they are in demand for wide applications in biomedical-related devices or sensors and soft interactive display systems, including activating devices for photosensitive drug, imaging apparatus for internal tissues, electronic skins, interactive input and output devices, robotics, and volumetric displays. With increasingly stringent demand on the mechanical requirements, the fabrication of stretchable EL device is encountering many challenges that are difficult to resolve. In this review, recent progresses in the stretchable EL devices are covered with a focus on the approaches that are adopted to tackle materials and process challenges in stretchable EL devices and delineate the strategies in stretchable electronics. We first introduce the emission mechanisms that have been successfully demonstrated on stretchable EL devices. Limitations and advantages of the different mechanisms for stretchable EL devices are also discussed. Representative reports are reviewed based on different structural and material strategies. Unprecedented applications that have been enabled by the stretchable EL devices are reviewed. Finally, we summarize with our perspectives on the approaches for the stretchable EL devices and our proposals on the future development in these devices.

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inFORM

Cited by 502 publications

References 41 publications

MistForm

MistForm

Kinetic Blocks

Progress and Prospects in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices

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