“Inform the Head, Give Dexterity to the Hand, Familiarise the Heart”: Seeing and Using Digitised Eighteenth-Century Specimens in a Modern Medical Curriculum

Osis, Francis

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61125-5_9

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…However, benefits of student engagement and perceived learning associated with immersive learning may not translate into better exam scores or clinical skills ( Jacobs and Maidwell-Smith, 2022 ) without sufficient preparation or teaching support ( Saab et al, 2022 ). Another emerging field is digital anatomy, which uses digital replicas of historic specimens to foster understanding and empathy through discussion of ethics, bias, and social aspects of health and disease ( Osis, 2021 ). Student’s understanding of pain can be assessed by using facially expressive robotic patient simulators ( Moosaei et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VR provides a small snapshot of the vicissitudes of living with an illness or disability that might leave a false impression of what patients “like that” feel ( Dean et al, 2020 ). It could be that other types of technologies, less standardized (more complex and diverse) virtual patients ( Shorey et al, 2019 ), or digital anatomy could inform professional training and enhance student learning or empathy more effectively ( Osis, 2021 ), but this is unknown. Learning technologies that have “point-of-view” functions may enable students to see issues from different perspectives ( Levett-Jones et al, 2017 ) and diverse service users’ experiences ( Riches et al, 2022 ) which could benefit caring relationships.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, research in the US indicates that both VR and physical delivery formats of a dementia tour can be effective, but university students on healthcare courses (n = 41) reported poorer attitudes about living with advanced dementia and feeling less prepared for caregiving in both approaches (Torrence et al, 2022). Interesting research in Romania (Groza et al, 2017) and Germany (Schmidt et al, 2022) ← Learning about anatomy and physiology of disease awareness using digital anatomy (Osis, 2021) ← Automated student skills assessment in pain assessment skills development (Moosaei et al, 2017) ← Automated patient health status and mood assessment (Yokoo et al, 2020) ← Automated assessment of Parkinson's disease (Sabo et al, 2022) (3) Connecting with the suffering (e.g., verbal, physical, signs, and symbols)…”

Section: Empathetic Awareness (15 Articles)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review

et al. 2023

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BackgroundAdvances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, together with the availability of big data in society, creates uncertainties about how these developments will affect healthcare systems worldwide. Compassion is essential for high-quality healthcare and research shows how prosocial caring behaviors benefit human health and societies. However, the possible association between AI technologies and compassion is under conceptualized and underexplored.ObjectivesThe aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive depth and a balanced perspective of the emerging topic of AI technologies and compassion, to inform future research and practice. The review questions were: How is compassion discussed in relation to AI technologies in healthcare? How are AI technologies being used to enhance compassion in healthcare? What are the gaps in current knowledge and unexplored potential? What are the key areas where AI technologies could support compassion in healthcare?Materials and methodsA systematic scoping review following five steps of Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Presentation of the scoping review conforms with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Eligibility criteria were defined according to 3 concept constructs (AI technologies, compassion, healthcare) developed from the literature and informed by medical subject headings (MeSH) and key words for the electronic searches. Sources of evidence were Web of Science and PubMed databases, articles published in English language 2011–2022. Articles were screened by title/abstract using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data extracted (author, date of publication, type of article, aim/context of healthcare, key relevant findings, country) was charted using data tables. Thematic analysis used an inductive-deductive approach to generate code categories from the review questions and the data. A multidisciplinary team assessed themes for resonance and relevance to research and practice.ResultsSearches identified 3,124 articles. A total of 197 were included after screening. The number of articles has increased over 10 years (2011, n = 1 to 2021, n = 47 and from Jan–Aug 2022 n = 35 articles). Overarching themes related to the review questions were: (1) Developments and debates (7 themes) Concerns about AI ethics, healthcare jobs, and loss of empathy; Human-centered design of AI technologies for healthcare; Optimistic speculation AI technologies will address care gaps; Interrogation of what it means to be human and to care; Recognition of future potential for patient monitoring, virtual proximity, and access to healthcare; Calls for curricula development and healthcare professional education; Implementation of AI applications to enhance health and wellbeing of the healthcare workforce. (2) How AI technologies enhance compassion (10 themes) Empathetic awareness; Empathetic response and relational behavior; Communication skills; Health coaching; Therapeutic interventions; Moral development learning; Clinical knowledge and clinical assessment; Healthcare quality assessment; Therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance; Providing health information and advice. (3) Gaps in knowledge (4 themes) Educational effectiveness of AI-assisted learning; Patient diversity and AI technologies; Implementation of AI technologies in education and practice settings; Safety and clinical effectiveness of AI technologies. (4) Key areas for development (3 themes) Enriching education, learning and clinical practice; Extending healing spaces; Enhancing healing relationships.ConclusionThere is an association between AI technologies and compassion in healthcare and interest in this association has grown internationally over the last decade. In a range of healthcare contexts, AI technologies are being used to enhance empathetic awareness; empathetic response and relational behavior; communication skills; health coaching; therapeutic interventions; moral development learning; clinical knowledge and clinical assessment; healthcare quality assessment; therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance; and to provide health information and advice. The findings inform a reconceptualization of compassion as a human-AI system of intelligent caring comprising six elements: (1) Awareness of suffering (e.g., pain, distress, risk, disadvantage); (2) Understanding the suffering (significance, context, rights, responsibilities etc.); (3) Connecting with the suffering (e.g., verbal, physical, signs and symbols); (4) Making a judgment about the suffering (the need to act); (5) Responding with an intention to alleviate the suffering; (6) Attention to the effect and outcomes of the response. These elements can operate at an individual (human or machine) and collective systems level (healthcare organizations or systems) as a cyclical system to alleviate different types of suffering. New and novel approaches to human-AI intelligent caring could enrich education, learning, and clinical practice; extend healing spaces; and enhance healing relationships.ImplicationsIn a complex adaptive system such as healthcare, human-AI intelligent caring will need to be implemented, not as an ideology, but through strategic choices, incentives, regulation, professional education, and training, as well as through joined up thinking about human-AI intelligent caring. Research funders can encourage research and development into the topic of AI technologies and compassion as a system of human-AI intelligent caring. Educators, technologists, and health professionals can inform themselves about the system of human-AI intelligent caring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empathetic Awareness (15 Articles)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review

et al. 2023

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“…Collections became fundamental to research and education, particularly for understanding the manifestation of diseases (Knoeff & Zwijnenberg, 2016; Osis, 2021). It is not surprising then, that the increasing value of these collections was demonstrated by numerous institutions establishing museums to curate the collections, so much so, that the period between mid‐19th and mid‐20th centuries is sometimes referred to as the “age of museum medicine” (Jones, 2020; Reinarz, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without a doubt, FECs are important historical artifacts that provide a unique lens into key developments in the history of modern science and medicine (Reinarz, 2005). These collections have generated legal, philosophical, medical, and broader public debate on issues that range from developing humanistic curricula to the status of the unborn and medical and feminist issues such as abortion (Knoeff & Zwijnenberg, 2016; Markert, 2020; Morgan, 2004; Osis, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global perspective on embryological and fetal collections: Where to from here?

El-Haddad

Štrkalj²,

Pather³

2022

The Anatomical Record

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Human fetal and embryos collections (FECs) peaked in the late 19th century, an era before informed consent, and hence have unclear provenance. These collections are not only historical artifacts, but prized resources for education and research. This study aimed to determine, via a narrative review, the present location, status, and profile of reported human fetal and embryonic collections. Twenty-seven articles that reported on collections appropriate to the study were selected from an initial search pool of 120 articles. The reported collections were in: Australia (n = 1), Germany (n = 6), Japan (n = 1), Spain (n = 1), and the United States (n = 5). The largest collection is reported to contain 45,000 prenatal remains and the smallest, three remains. The purpose of establishing majority of the collections was for education and research. Eight collections contain both embryos and fetuses, one collection contained embryos, exclusively. Another collection contained only fetuses and one neonatal cadaver. The provenance, where mentioned, specified gynecologists and obstetricians as the main source of remains (n = 5). Except for the Kyoto Collection, information regarding informed consent from the next-of-kin was lacking. This paper draws upon the three themes of purpose, provenance, and profile and highlights the need to establish agreed international guidelines for the most appropriate ethical and sustainable practice with respect to establishment, procurement of remains, access, and maintenance of these collections. Nine domains for these guidelines are recommended: consent, privacy, commercial gain, digital and emerging technologies, commemorations and memorials, destruction and disposal, dignity of donors, global database and collaboration, and sustainability.

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Improvement of veterinary anatomy by using recent scientific techniques for skeleton preparation and preservation

Javid¹

2023

PAB

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“Inform the Head, Give Dexterity to the Hand, Familiarise the Heart”: Seeing and Using Digitised Eighteenth-Century Specimens in a Modern Medical Curriculum

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review

Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review

A global perspective on embryological and fetal collections: Where to from here?

Improvement of veterinary anatomy by using recent scientific techniques for skeleton preparation and preservation

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