Informal caregiving in schizophrenia: correlates and predictors of perceived rewards

Stanley, Selwyn; Balakrishnan, Sujeetha

doi:10.1080/15332985.2021.1904089

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is used to measure the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. It was published in 1987 by Stanley et al ( 29 ). It is known as a gold standard measure for the evaluation of the severity of schizophrenia symptoms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The caregivers of SMI patients play a major role in the management of their patients. Whether caregiving is provided by a family member or a formal caregiver, it is part of the core care system that assists patients in getting prescribed treatments and ensures the continuity of care ( 29 ). It is common for caregivers to feel frustrated, stressed, and helpless while trying to strike a balance between the responsibilities of the role and providing the best care without burdening their health ( 30 – 32 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the meantime, a higher prevalence is reported for caregivers of schizophrenia patients (30%) ( 34 , 35 ). Additionally, the caregivers of the SMI patients have lower levels of perceived social support and quality of life ( 29 ). The existing evidence supports the role of community mental health programs in enhancing the quality of life of both caregivers and their SMI patients ( 36 – 38 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on relapse of individuals with severe mental illness and their caregiver's burden

Nooraeen

Bazargan‐Hejazi

Naserbakht³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe implementation of quarantine and social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic led to restrictions at the community level and most of in-person psychiatric services were discontinued. This situation could affect the psychopathology of the patients and the burden of their caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on people with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and their caregivers' burden.MethodThe study sample consisted of 86 patients with severe mental illness and 86 caregivers. The mental status, relapse rate, and rehospitalization rate of the patients and the general health status and burden of caregivers were investigated in three waves, including before and 3 and 6 months after the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe relapse rate of the patients was 14%, 33.7%, and 43% (p = 0.000) and the rehospitalization rate was 4.7%, 7%, and 10.5% in waves 0, 1, and 2, respectively (p = 0.000). Most of the psychopathological scales increased in three waves (p = 0.000). The caregivers' burden and health condition worsened during the nine months of the study as well (p = 0.000).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic led to the exacerbation of symptoms and increased the relapse rate in people with SMIs. It also worsened the caregivers' condition. People with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and their caregivers are one of the most vulnerable groups on which the COVID-19 pandemic had a marked negative effect.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on relapse of individuals with severe mental illness and their caregiver's burden

Nooraeen

Bazargan‐Hejazi

Naserbakht³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Han et al (2022) reported a positive relationship between positive attitudes (i.e. faith in recovery, having hope for the future) and caregiver well‐being and Stanley and Balakrishnan (2021) found that hope was a significant predictor of perceived reward in the caring role.…”

Section: Background Literature On Hopementioning

confidence: 99%

Family members' perspectives of hope when supporting a relative experiencing mental health problems

McCarthy

Higgins

McCarthy

et al. 2023

Int J Mental Health Nurs

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Current research views hope as a process that plays a positive role in the recovery of individuals with mental health problems. However, little attention has been given to the role of hope in the lives of their families. We aimed to address that gap. We deployed a qualitative descriptive design and carried out individual interviews with nine family members who supported a relative with mental health problems. A cross‐comparison of the data generated three major themes: understandings of hope; factors that diminish hope and factors that nurture hope. The participants viewed hope as a positive and productive feeling or attitude that was life‐affirming, and empowering. They also associated it with behaviours and dispositions such as attentiveness and empathy and the possibility of a return to a more stable and ‘normal’ life. The participants experienced hope as initially eroded when their relative was first diagnosed and institutionalized. Hope was further diminished due to the poor communication practices of some mental health professionals and the stress of the caring role itself. On the other hand, hope was nurtured through the support of other family members, friends, neighbours and peers. Acquiring knowledge and understanding about the relative's state of mental health nurtured hope and enabled the participants to have a more meaningful role in their recovery process. Practices of self‐care such as independent activities and counselling also strengthened hope and some mental health professionals played a positive role in supporting these. Most striking about the reports of many of the participants was their assertion of their abiding love for their relative. Their account of their ability to see beyond the illness of their relative was an insight that we did not find in other accounts of the experiences of family members. We highlight the need for family members to have timely access to relevant information about their relatives' illness. We conclude that hope is relational at its core because of the interplay of intrapersonal, interpersonal and social factors that diminish or nurture it over time. Specifically, we propose that friends, neighbours and peer support groups as key actors in nurturing the hope of both family members and their relatives.

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“…Positive aspects of caregiving refer to the rewards and satisfaction that emerges from the caregiving relationship (Tarlow et al, 2004). The manifestation of hope and the availability of social support have been identified as key determinants of the perception of positive rewards in discharging the caregiving function (Stanley & Balakrishnan, 2021). Caregiver satisfaction is a key positive aspect of caregiving that provides a sense of feeling fulfilled, important, and responsible, besides providing a sense of companionship, and meaning within the relationship (Cohen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal caregivers of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: determinants and predictors of resilience

Stanley

Balakrishnan

2021

Journal of Mental Health

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Background: The extant literature portrays informal caregiving by family members who care for a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, as one that involves a tremendous amount of stress and burden. Aim: This investigation sought to assess informal caregiving experience with regard to variables such as perceived positive aspects, preparedness, resilience, and life satisfaction. Method: Data was collected from two groups of respondents accessing services at the Thanjavur Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. The study group consisted of 75 family caregivers of persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and the reference group had an equal number of caregivers of people with minor physical ailments. The two groups were matched on important background factors, ensuring their comparability. Standardised instruments were administered to all respondents to collect data pertaining to the key variables and analysed using appropriate statistical procedures. Results: Results indicated that caregivers of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, while manifesting higher levels of resilience, perceived lesser positive aspects in their caring role. A significant statistical difference between both groups of respondents in terms of their life satisfaction and resilience. Regression analyses extracted preparedness and life satisfaction as significant contributors to the manifestation of resilience in the caregivers. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of caregiver preparedness and life satisfaction in enhancing their resilience.

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Informal caregiving in schizophrenia: correlates and predictors of perceived rewards

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on relapse of individuals with severe mental illness and their caregiver's burden

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on relapse of individuals with severe mental illness and their caregiver's burden

Family members' perspectives of hope when supporting a relative experiencing mental health problems

Informal caregivers of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: determinants and predictors of resilience

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