Informal Economy, Tax Evasion, and Poverty in a Democratic Setting: Greece

Abstract

Constantine P. Danopoulos is professor of political science at San Jose State University. Boris Znidaric is lecturer on security and insurance at the University of Maribov, Slovenia.

Corruption, Hidden Economy and Environmental Pollution: A Spatial Econometric Analysis Based on China’s Provincial Panel Data

“…Actual surveys are widely used to calculate the size of the hidden economy in many previous studies, such as Cantekin and Elgin [31] for Turkey and Medvedev and Oviedo [32] for Ecuador. Tax audit, which is designed to measure the amount of undeclared taxable income, can be used to calculate the size of the hidden economy as well [33]. Although the direct calculation approaches mentioned above can provide details about hidden economy, they lead only to point estimates and cannot capture development and growth of the hidden economy for all provinces in China over a long period of time [34].…”

Evaluating the Impact of the Informal Economy on Businesses in South East Europe: Some Lessons from the 2009 World Bank Enterprise Survey

“…Studies have been conducted in Bulgaria (Centre for the Study of Democracy 2008; Chavdarova 2002;Loukanova and Bezlov 2007), Cyprus (Christofides 2007), Greece (Danopoulos and Znidaric 2007;Karanitos 2007;OECD 2005;Lazaridis and Koumandraki 2003;Liaropoulos et al 2008;Lyberaki and Maroukis 2005;Tatsos 2001), Romania (Ghinararu 2007;Kim 2005;Neef 2002;Stanculescu 2002), Serbia and Montenegro (Benovska-Sabkova 2002) and Slovenia (Ignjatović 2007). These are often small-scale surveys and of particular population groups and/or places.…”

Evaluating the extent and nature of the informalization of employment relations in South-East Europe

“…Most previous research into the level and nature of informality in employment relations in SEE has involved small-scale studies of particular nations and of particular population groups and/or places. These include studies in all five countries examined in this article: Bulgaria (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2008; Chavdarova, 2002; Loukanova and Bezlov, 2007), Cyprus (Christofides, 2007), Greece (Danopoulos and Znidaric, 2007; Karanitos, 2007; Lazaridis and Koumandraki, 2003; Liaropoulos et al, 2008; Lyberaki and Maroukis, 2005; OECD, 2005; Tatsos, 2001), Romania (Ghinararu, 2007; Kim, 2005; Stǎnculescu, 2002) and Slovenia (Ignjatović, 2007). The problem with using these studies to compare the differential extent and nature of informal employment relations across SEE is that they use varying definitions and measurement methods to evaluate the extent and character of informality.…”