“…Foreign board members may also provide expertise in terms of how to signal organisational virtue through rhetoric in foreign IPO prospectuses (Payne et al, 2013). Moreover, firms can leverage board member network relationships to address the information asymmetries associated with foreign listing (Chen et al, 2016;Shin et al, 2016;Song et al, 2021), such as finding reliable foreign brokers and underwriters. Hearn (2015), for example, analysed 202 African IPO joint ventures and found that the more social elites are involved on corporate boards, the greater the likelihood of a successful IPO of African international joint ventures.…”