“…Studies have shown that analyst recommendations provide new information, elicit an immediate reaction in stock prices (Givoly and Lakonishok, 1979;Francis and Soffer, 1997;and Moshirian, Ng, and Wu, 2009;Premti, Garcia-Feijoo, and Madura, 2017), and are useful in guiding investors' long term decisions (Womack, 1996;Boni and Womack, 2006;Premti, Garcia-Feijoo, and Madura, 2018). Analysts may also provide information about the industry, as their recommendations are often dependent on industry conditions (Piotroski and Roulstone, 2004;Akhigbe, Madura, and Newman, 2006;Liu, 2011).…”