“…The main motivation for using optics for information security is that optical waveforms possess many complex degrees of freedom such as amplitude, phase, polarization, large bandwidth, nonlinear transformations, quantum properties of photons, and multiplexing that can be combined in many ways to make information encryption more secure and more difficult to attack. Several methods for optical image encryption have been proposed such as those based on digital holography [11,12], virtual optics [13], diffractive imaging [14], ghost imaging [15], ptychography [16], interferometry [17], polarization [18,19], photon-counting [20], etc. In 1995, Refrégier and Javidi [21], proposed the 'double random phase encoding' (DRPE) scheme.…”