Information order effects in clinical psychological diagnoses

Cwik, Jan Christopher; Margraf, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/cpp.2080

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is in contrast to the results of a recent study that investigated the order of the presentation of psychological symptom information [30]. The authors found that the order of symptom description predicted the correctness of diagnostic decisions by clinicians; correct diagnostic decisions occurred more often when the symptom information was presented last (ie, a recency effect) [30]. In this study, memory was not an outcome of interest, as participants had access to both forms when making their ratings, and hence, recency did not have a positive effect on ratings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, the order did not predict preference for the Revised form in study 2. This is in contrast to the results of a recent study that investigated the order of the presentation of psychological symptom information [30]. The authors found that the order of symptom description predicted the correctness of diagnostic decisions by clinicians; correct diagnostic decisions occurred more often when the symptom information was presented last (ie, a recency effect) [30].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

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Evaluating Information Quality of Revised Patient Education Information on Colonoscopy: It Is New But Is It Improved?

et al. 2019

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Background Previous research indicates that patients and their families have many questions about colonoscopy that are not fully answered by existing resources. We developed revised forms on colonoscopy bowel preparation and on the procedure itself. Objective As the goal of the revised materials is to have improved information relative to currently available information, we were interested in how revised information compared with what is currently available in terms of information quality and patient preference. Methods Participants were asked to review one at a time the Revised and Current versions of Colonoscopy bowel preparation instructions (study 1) and About Colonoscopy (study 2). The order of administration of the Revised and Current versions was randomly counterbalanced to assess order effects . Respondents rated each form along the following dimensions: amount, clarity, trustworthiness, readability and understandability, how new or familiar the information was, and reassurance. Participants were asked which form they preferred and 4 questions about why they preferred it. Open-ended questions asked participants to describe likes and dislikes of the forms and suggestions for improvement. Results The study 1 and study 2 samples were similar. Overall, in study 1, 62.4% preferred the Revised form, 28.1% preferred the Current form, and 6.7% were not sure. Overall, in study 2, 50.5% preferred the Revised form, 31.1% preferred the Current form, and 18.4% were not sure. Almost 75% of those in study 1 who received the Revised form first, preferred it, compared with less than half of those who received it first in study 2. In study 1, 75% of those without previous colonoscopy experience preferred the Revised form, compared with more than half of those who had previously undergone a colonoscopy. The study 1 logistic regression analysis demonstrated that participants were more likely to prefer the Revised form if they had viewed it first and had no previous experience with colonoscopy. In study 2, none of the variables assessed were associated with a preference for the Revised form. In comparing the 2 forms head-to-head, participants who preferred the Revised form in study 1 rated it as clearer compared with those who preferred the Current form. Finally, many participants who preferred the Revised form indicated in the open-ended questions that they liked it because it had more information than the Current form and that it had good visual information. Conclusions This study is one of the first to evaluate 2 different patient education resources in a head-to-head comparison using the same participants in a within-subjects design. This approach was useful in comparing revised educational information with current resources. Moving forward, this knowledge translation approach of a head-to-head comparison of 2 d...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Evaluating Information Quality of Revised Patient Education Information on Colonoscopy: It Is New But Is It Improved?

et al. 2019

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“…We attempted to control the effect of order by having the proctors randomly shuffling the images before laying them out on a table, but that order may not have been as random as we had intended. If not adequately randomised, the order may very well have had an effect on subjects' ranking of the disgusting images as it does on other study outcomes . The only way to sort that out is to both randomise and record the order or arrangement of those images and then correlate those patterns with subjects' responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If not adequately randomised, the order may very well have had an effect on subjects' ranking of the disgusting images as it does on other study outcomes. [39][40][41] The only way to sort that out is to both randomise and record the order or arrangement of those images and then correlate those patterns with subjects' responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of patients of the Tver region of Russia regarding maggots and maggot therapy

Морозов

Sherman

2018

International Wound Journal

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The 21st century is seeing a resurgence in the use of maggot therapy—using the physical and biochemical benefits of fly larvae to debride and heal chronic, problematic wounds. Maggots are repulsive to many people, and this could interfere with the acceptance of this modality. Before instituting a maggot therapy programme at our institution, we sought to better understand the psychological barriers that may exist among patients in the Tver region of Russia. Between 2014 and 2016, all patients with arterial insufficiency and trophic ulcers at City Clinical Hospital No. 7 in Tver were administered a survey consisting of six images. Subjects were asked to rank the images in the order of least to most repulsive or disgusting. A total of 576 subjects were recruited for this study: 414 (72%) women and 162 (28%) men. Nearly 60% of subjects considered the images of maggots to be more repulsive than images of gangrenous wounds. This finding is significant because it indicates that much education and support will need to be conducted to address patient fears and anxiety if patients are to be comfortable with a maggot therapy programme.

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“…87 In clinical research and daily practice, the use of structured diagnostic interviews is highly recommended for the assessment of mental disorders, because they ensure a systematic assessment of symptoms combined with clinicians' expert knowledge. [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] For the assessment of PTSD, the CAPS 96 is considered the diagnostic gold standard, 25 43 97 98 and its use is recommended by PTSD guidelines. 99 The CAPS was designed to represent a standard in terms of an interview-based diagnostic measure of PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the German version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) in clinical routine settings: study design and protocol of a multitrait–multimethod study

et al. 2020

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IntroductionThe aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy, psychometric properties and clinical utility of the German version of the Clinician-Administered Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) (CAPS-5) in routine clinical settings.Methods and analysisThis study is a non-interventional, multitrait–multimethod design, multicentre study that will be carried out at German civil and military inpatient and outpatient clinics. A total sample size of n=219 participants who have experienced at least one traumatic event according to criteria as defined in the DSM-5 will be recruited. For the investigation of the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the CAPS-5, participants will be categorised into one of three groups, depending on their traumatic experiences and post-traumatic symptomatology: (1) monotraumatisation with PTSD; (2) multiple traumatisation with PTSD and (3) traumatisation without PTSD. Interviews will be conducted face to face by interviewers in routine clinical settings. All participants will also be asked to complete a comprehensive set of questionnaires in order to investigate different facets of construct validity and clinical utility. First, differences between all three groups in CAPS-5 sum and subscale scores will be investigated. Test–retest reliability and inter-rater reliability will be determined. Internal consistency will be calculated using structural equation modeling (SEM) based internal consistency coefficients. Construct validity will be measured with Spearman’s rank correlation analyses and multivariate analyses of variance with Holm-Bonferroni corrected post hoc analysis of variances. In order to test diagnostic accuracy, receiver operating characteristics and sensitivity and specificity analyses will be conducted. The model structure of the German CAPS-5 will be analysed using confirmatory factor analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approval by the Ethics Committees of the Faculty of Psychology at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (reference numbers: 331 and 358). The results of the study will be presented nationally and internationally at scientific conferences and will be published in scientific journals.Trial registration numberDRKS00015325

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Information order effects in clinical psychological diagnoses

Abstract: Therapists' diagnostic decisions are not influenced by pretreatment reports. Diagnostic decisions are affected by information order effects. Diagnostic accuracy of psychotherapists is debatable. High rate of misdiagnoses in case vignette with comorbid disorders.

Cited by 12 publications

References 70 publications

Evaluating Information Quality of Revised Patient Education Information on Colonoscopy: It Is New But Is It Improved?

Evaluating Information Quality of Revised Patient Education Information on Colonoscopy: It Is New But Is It Improved?

Survey of patients of the Tver region of Russia regarding maggots and maggot therapy

Psychometric properties of the German version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) in clinical routine settings: study design and protocol of a multitrait–multimethod study

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