Information processing abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Abstract

Information processing abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorderObjective: Patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in attention, memory, working memory, verbal/visual learning and executive functions. However, many of the tests fail to detect slight changes in cognitive performance due to ceiling effect. It was aimed to determine sensitivity and specificity of the tests that measure information processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in this study. Method: Thirty four patients with schizophrenia, 35 patients with bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV and 33 healthy control subjects matched for age, education level and gender were enrolled to the study. For clinical assessments Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale and Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale were used. All participants performed a battery consisting of tests measuring information processing including Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB), Trail Making Test (TMT) Form A and B, Digit Symbol Coding Task (DST) and Auditory and Visual Reaction Time Tests (RTT).Results: The schizophrenia group had significantly lower performance than the healthy control group in all tests and lower performance than the bipolar disorder group in AMIPB-A and B tests, TMT A and B tests. The bipolar disorder group had lower performance than the healthy control group only in DST test. The AMIPB A and B tests were the most sensitive and specific tests in the ROC analysis. Conclusion: Changes in cognitive function might be better monitored by the tests whose sensitivity and specificity are higher. Since psychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous, measurement tools are important for precise measurements.

Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) e Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS): uma revisão sistemática

“…Pode-se observar que a grande maioria dos estudos foram realizados por autores dos Estados Unidos (ADERY et al, 2018;BIRNBAUM et al, 2017;CRADDOCK et al, 2018;FOX et al, 2017;GALLAGHER, JONES, 2017;GALLETTI et al, 2017;HALL et al, 2019;HAMILTON et al, 2018;KUO et al, 2018;SABHARWAL et al, 2017;THOMAS et al, 2018) e Turquia (AKBEY, YILDIZ, GÜNDÜZ, 2019;BALABAN, ATAGUN, OZGUVEN, 2018;BOLU et al, 2019;BULUT, BULUT, GUNDOGMUS, AYDEMIR, 2018;KILIC, OZTURK, GOZCELIOGLU, 2017;ORUÇ et al, 2017;YILDIRIM et al, 2018). Encontrouse apenas um estudo da América Latina, realizado na Colômbia (MORA-CASTAÑEDA et al, 2018).…”

“…Em relação ao objetivo do uso dos escores da SAPS e da SANS, pode-se observar que os estudos utilizaram as escalas para verificar a intensidade da sintomatologia clínica dos participantes (BALABAN, ATAGUN, OZGUVEN, 2018;FOX et al, 2017;HERBSLEB et al, 2018;HEROLD et al, 2017), para realizar correlações, com outras variáveis cognitivas, como fluência verbal (BRÉBION et al, 2018;THOMAS et al, 2018). As escalas também foram utilizadas para verificar o efeito de medicamentos (BOLU et al, 2019;JAVADI et al, 2018; KILIC OZTURK, GOZCELIOGLU, 2017) e de outras intervenções (ADERY et al, 2018;GRANT, BREDEMEIER, BECK 2017;IPEKCIOGLU et al, 2018;JOSHI et al, 2018;LEVY et al, 2018;ROSENGARD et al, 2019;THOMAS et al, 2018).…”

“…A SAPS possui 35 itens, divididos em 5 subescalas: alucinações, delírios, comportamento motor grosseiramente desorganizado e transtorno do pensamento formal e afeto inadequado (BALABAN, ATAGUN, OZGUVEN, 2018;BIRNBAUM, WAN, BROUSSARD, COMPTON, 2017;GALLETTI, PAOLINI, TORTORELLA, COMPTON, 2017;KUMARI et al, 2017;MORA-CASTAÑEDA et al, 2018;POLONI et al, 2018). Cada item é pontuado de 0 a 5, sendo que 0 significa ausência de sintomas e 5 condiz a sintomas severos (GARCÍA et al, 2003;POLONI et al, 2018).…”