Information processing behavior: The role of irrelevant stimulus information.

Morin, Robert E.; Forrin, Bert; Archer, Wayne R.

doi:10.1037/h0045942

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2, or 3 bits of such irrelevant information. Similar results have been obtained by Fitts and Biederman (1965), Imai and Garner (1965), and Morin et al (1961).…”

Section: Nature Of Irrelevant Informanonsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Examine first the early studies which showed that task performance is not affected by never-relevant irrelevant information (Archer, 1954: Fitts & Biederman, 1965Imai & Garner, 1965: Morin et al, 1961. In none of these studies is there much evidence for response competition.…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Egeth and Bevan (1972) and Well (1971) have recently argued that the CR hypothesis is not unambiguously applicable to the results obtained by Hodge and Montague, They claim that Hodge and Montague confounded irrelevant information with task complexity. Furthermore, there also seems to be evidence that irrelevant information can degrade performance in the absence of competing responses (Morgan & Alluisi, 1967;Well, 1971), a result in sharp contrast with those obtained by Archer (1954), Fitts and Biederman (1965), Imai and Garner (1965), and Morin et al (1961).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Competing responses and the processing of irrelevant information

Hodge

1973

Memory & Cognition

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A number of studies have shown that performance of identification and discrimination tasks is detrimentally affected by irrelevant information, yet other studies have failed to find such decrements. It is suggested that these contradictory findings depend on whether S must make difficult discriminations among the relevant stimuli, the irrelevant stimuli, or between the relevant and irrelevant stimuli. The role of irrelevant information in these tasks is to enhance or amplify the competing responses engendered by the difficult discriminations. Irrelevant information enhances competing responses by increasing the information processing requirements of a task. The results of various studies of irrelevant information seem to be in good agreement with the assertions.

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“…2, or 3 bits of such irrelevant information. Similar results have been obtained by Fitts and Biederman (1965), Imai and Garner (1965), and Morin et al (1961).…”

Section: Nature Of Irrelevant Informanonsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Competing responses and the processing of irrelevant information

Hodge

1973

Memory & Cognition

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“…Henneman (1957) and Morin, Forrin, and Archer (1961) verified Archer's (1954) study that irrelevancy does not significantly degrade performance. In addition, Henneman (1957) found that making information sometimes irrelevant and sometimes relevant will degrade performance.…”

Section: The Effegr Of Three Types Of Visual Irrelevancy On 1 Complexmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Thus, Archer (1954) fo~d that response time in a concept formation task increased as a linear function of the amount of relevant information, but was independent of the level of irrelevancy. Archer, Bourne, and Brown (1955) found that as irrelevant elements were increased, efficiency of categorizing unusual patterns decreased even when ,2swere instructed how to test for irrelevancy.Henneman (1957) and Morin, Forrin, and Archer (1961) verified Archer's (1954) study that irrelevancy does not significantly degrade performance. In addition, Henneman (1957) found that making information sometimes irrelevant and sometimes relevant will degrade performance.…”

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confidence: 84%

The Effect of Three Types of Visual Irrelevancy on Complex Decision Making1

Landis

Slivka²,

Silver

1969

ETS Research Bulletin Series

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The present study investigated the effects of visual information irrelevancy on complex decision. making. Three types of irrelevancy were defined (clutter, r1oninf'ormative irrelevancy and coding redundancy) and incorporated as independent variables in the research. Thirty male college §.S solved a set of static problems involving decision making with a known pay-off, but where the output would be difficult for .2 to accurately estimate. Results indicated that, under the conditions of this study, irrelevancy is facilitative for decision making and the more random the irrelevancy, the more adequate the solution. These findings ape discussed within the framework of a theory that postulates that irrelevancy aids in the figure-ground articulation of the cognitive field. THE EFFEGr OF THREE TYPES OF VISUAL IRRELEVANCY ON 1 COMPLEX DECISION MAKINGThe term irrelevant information in the psychological literature re~ers to two quite separate sets of experimental manipulations. On the one hand, it has been used to refer to an asynchrony between training and criterion trials in concept identification tasks. Thus, 2 is trained on one stimulus dimension and later tested in a concept identification situation wherein the training dimension cannot be used to attain correct categorization.The other usage of the term derives from the use of additional stimuli in search-time discrimination tasks. In this type of task, S has to identify critical stimuli in a "noisy" field. These studies have derived their impetus from the problems faced by a radar operator on extended watches.The results of almost all of the studies investigating the effects of irrelevancy as a training variable have suggested that the inclusion of such a variable at best does not affect performance. Thus, Archer (1954) fo~d that response time in a concept formation task increased as a linear function of the amount of relevant information, but was independent of the level of irrelevancy. Archer, Bourne, and Brown (1955) found that as irrelevant elements were increased, efficiency of categorizing unusual patterns decreased even when ,2swere instructed how to test for irrelevancy.Henneman (1957) and Morin, Forrin, and Archer (1961) verified Archer's (1954) study that irrelevancy does not significantly degrade performance. In addition, Henneman (1957) found that making information sometimes irrelevant and sometimes relevant will degrade performance. Detambel and Stolurow (1956) showed that lowering the conspicuity of irrelevant infornation interferes with the learning process. Namikas (1968) also found that training on a relevant dimension improved performance in the concept -2-formation transfer task. Interestingly enough, however, groups that were trained on irrelevant dimensions were not significantly different from those trained on neutral dimensions or those receiving no training. Katz (1968) applied the concept learning paradigm to the developmental effect of irrelevant dimensions. She found that while a degradation occurred in adults as a fu...

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Some aspects of reaction processes

Sanders

1967

Acta Psychologica

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Information processing behavior: The role of irrelevant stimulus information.

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

Competing responses and the processing of irrelevant information

Competing responses and the processing of irrelevant information

The Effect of Three Types of Visual Irrelevancy on Complex Decision Making1

Some aspects of reaction processes

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