“…Many recent papers have investigated the firm-level effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., Shen et al, 2020 ; Arnold and Rhodes, 2021 ; Doruk et al, 2021 ; Huang et al, 2021 ; Carter et al, 2022 ; Tchuigoua et al, 2022 ; Hsu and Yang, 2022 ; Kumar and Zbib, 2022 ). These effects could have been influenced by government incentives, which have played a key role in firms ( Songling et al, 2018 ; Minh and Ngoc, 2021 ), especially during the recent COVID-19 crisis ( Tarkom, 2021 ).…”