Information Technology: Approaches to Definition, Principles of Construction

Abstract

The research is dedicated to the concept of "information technology". The purpose of the article is to analyze the scientific and methodological literature, clarify the essence and structure of information technologies, generalize the classification of information technologies based on the works of foreign and Ukrainian scientists. The subject of research is the concept of "information technology". As part of the analysis of the concept of "information technology", the legislative definition of this term was considered, it was clarified how this category is disclosed in the state standards of Ukraine (in particular, DSTU 5034:2008, DSTU 2226-93, DSTU 2481-94, DSTU 7448:2013) , the wording of the definition in terminological dictionaries was analyzed, the definition of "information technology" defined by the international organization UNESCO was considered. The formulation of the concept of "information technology" in the scientific works of foreign researchers was studied. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the lack of existing definitions was identified and an aggregated definition of the concept of "information technology" was synthesized. The principles that became the basis for the formation of information technologies were analyzed. These principles remain relevant to this day. The publication contains an overview of the main structural components of information technology. Contradictions regarding the definition of the list of structural components of information technology in the works of various scientists have been studied. In addition, the publication provides an infographic of generalized approaches to the classification of information technologies. The work proposes the classification of information technologies according to their intended use, establishes typical components of information technology, and specifies twelve criteria for the classification of information technologies.