Informed renesting decisions: the effect of nest predation risk

Pakanen, Veli‐Matti; Rönkä, Nelli; Thomson, Robert L.; Koivula, Kari

doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2847-9

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Early arrival should enable early breeding, which is beneficial because resource peaks are probably short , early hatching chicks have high survival and there is more time for renesting after nest failure (Pakanen et al 2014. We also found evidence of protandry (males arriving to breeding areas before females) despite no sex differences in migration speed and duration (parameters rarely reported for the sexes in wader studies).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…It is common among many Scolopacids (Hildén 1979, Ydenberg et al 2005, Meissner 2015, but see Reneerkens et al 2014) but not among passerines for example (Lehikoinen et al 2017). Early departure may reflect investment in survival and future reproductive success over current reproductive success (Jamieson et al 2014, Pakanen et al 2014) by optimizing movement in terms of food, moult, predation risk or competition (Alerstam et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration strategies of the Baltic dunlin: rapid jump migration in the autumn but slower skipping type spring migration

Pakanen

Jaakkonen

Saarinen

et al. 2018

Journal of Avian Biology

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Migration during spring is usually faster than during autumn because of competition for breeding territories. In some cases, however, the costs and benefits associated with the environment can lead to slower spring migration, but examples are quite rare. We compared seasonal migration strategies of the endangered Baltic population of the dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii using light‐level geolocator data from 26 individuals breeding in Finland. Autumn migration was faster, with individuals showing a ‘jump’ and ‘skipping’ migration strategy characterised by fewer stationary periods, shorter total stopping time and faster flight. Spring migration was slower, with individuals using a ‘skipping’ strategy. The duration of migration was longer for early departing birds during spring but not during autumn suggesting that early spring migrants are prevented from arriving to the breeding areas or that fueling conditions are worse on the stopover sites for early arriving individuals. Dunlins showed high migratory connectivity. All individuals had one long staging at the Wadden Sea in the autumn after which half of the individuals flew 4500 km non‐stop to Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania. The other half stopped briefly on the Atlantic coast on their way to Mauritania. One bird wintered on the coast of Portugal. Nine individuals that carried geolocators for two years were site faithful to their final non‐breeding sites. Based on the strategies during the non‐breeding period we identified, Baltic dunlin may be especially vulnerable to rapid environmental changes at the staging and non‐breeding areas. Consequently, the preservation of the identified non‐breeding areas is important for their conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration strategies of the Baltic dunlin: rapid jump migration in the autumn but slower skipping type spring migration

Pakanen

Jaakkonen

Saarinen

et al. 2018

Journal of Avian Biology

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“…Birds were considered to be renesting when they had laid a replacement nest after losing a nest (Pakanen et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazed wet meadows are sink habitats for the southern dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) due to nest trampling by cattle

Pakanen

Aikio

Luukkonen

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The effect of habitat management is commonly evaluated by measuring population growth, which does not distinguish changes in reproductive success from changes in survival or the effects of immigration or emigration. Management has rarely been evaluated considering complete life cycle of the target organisms, including also possible negative impacts from management. We evaluated the effectiveness of cattle grazing in the restoration of coastal meadows as a breeding habitat for small and medium‐sized ground‐nesting birds by examining the size and demography of a southern dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) breeding population. Using a stochastic renesting model that includes within‐season variation in breeding parameters, we evaluated the effect of grazing time and stocking rates on reproduction. The census data indicated that the population was stable when nest trampling was prevented, but detailed demographic models showed that the population on managed meadows was a sink that persisted by attracting immigrants. Even small reductions in reproductive success caused by trampling were detrimental to long‐term viability. We suggest that the best management strategy is to postpone grazing to after the 19th of June, which is about three weeks later than what is optimal from the farmer's point of view. The differing results from the two evaluation approaches warn against planning and evaluating management only based on census population size and highlight the need to consider target‐specific life history characteristics and demography. Even though grazing management is crucial for creating and maintaining suitable habitats, we found that it was insufficient in maintaining a viable population without additional measures that increase nest success. In the presently studied case and in populations with similar breeding cycles, impacts from nest trampling can be avoided by starting grazing when about 70% of the breeding season has past.

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“…Perhaps one of the greatest questions occupying behavioral ecologists, as well as some neurobiologists today, is how animals interpret information they gather in their environment (e.g., Dielenberg and McGregor 2001; Zimmer et al 2006; Pakanen et al 2014; Drakeley et al 2015). In many instances, animals born in the lab, even first generation, exhibit weakened responses to predators which they would encounter on a day-to-day basis in nature (e.g., Burns et al 2009; Feenders et al 2011; Troxell-Smith et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory cues and the value of information: voles interpret cues based on recent predator encounters

Bleicher

Ylönen

Käpylä

et al. 2018

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Prey strategically respond to the risk of predation by varying their behavior while balancing the tradeoffs of food and safety. We present here an experiment that tests the way the same indirect cues of predation risk are interpreted by bank voles, Myodes glareolus, as the game changes through exposure to a caged weasel. Using optimal patch use, we asked wild-caught voles to rank the risk they perceived. We measured their response to olfactory cues in the form of weasel bedding, a sham control in the form of rabbit bedding, and an odor-free control. We repeated the interviews in a chronological order to test the change in response, i.e., the changes in the value of the information. We found that the voles did not differentiate strongly between treatments pre-exposure to the weasel. During the exposure, vole foraging activity was reduced in all treatments, but proportionally increased in the vicinity to the rabbit odor. Post-exposure, the voles focused their foraging in the control, while the value of exposure to the predator explained the majority of variation in response. Our data also suggested a sex bias in interpretation of the cues. Given how the foragers changed their interpretation of the same cues based on external information, we suggest that applying predator olfactory cues as a simulation of predation risk needs further testing. For instance, what are the possible effective compounds and how they change “fear” response over time. The major conclusion is that however effective olfactory cues may be, the presence of live predators overwhelmingly affects the information voles gained from these cues.Significance statementIn ecology, “fear” is the strategic response to cues of risk an animal senses in its environment. The cues suggesting the existence of a predator in the vicinity are weighed by an individual against the probability of encounter with the predator and the perceived lethality of an encounter with the predator. The best documented such response is variation in foraging tenacity as measured by a giving-up density. In this paper, we show that an olfactory predator cue and the smell of an interspecific competitor result in different responses based on experience with a live-caged predator. This work provides a cautionary example of the risk in making assumptions regarding olfactory cues devoid of environmental context.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00265-018-2600-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Informed renesting decisions: the effect of nest predation risk

Cited by 36 publications

References 47 publications

Migration strategies of the Baltic dunlin: rapid jump migration in the autumn but slower skipping type spring migration

Migration strategies of the Baltic dunlin: rapid jump migration in the autumn but slower skipping type spring migration

Grazed wet meadows are sink habitats for the southern dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) due to nest trampling by cattle

Olfactory cues and the value of information: voles interpret cues based on recent predator encounters

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