Informed strain improvement for lignin degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Wyatt, Alison M.; Broda, Paul

doi:10.1099/13500872-141-11-2811

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Additionally, flasks with lower intracellular activity showed lower extracellular activity. Flask to flask variations in metabolism are inherent in P. chrysosporium cultures [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of multiple laccase isoforms by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown under nutrient sufficiency

Dittmer

Patel

Dhawale

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

100

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Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain ME446 produced laccase when grown in a medium with high nitrogen (24 mM), glucose, acetate buffer and high copper (0.4 mM CuSO4). Copper appeared to serve as an inducer. The highest amount of laccase activity was found in 2–3 day old cultures. Both intracellular and extracellular laccases eluted as four peaks (L1–L4) on a MonoQ (anion exchange) column. All four peaks from intracellular fluid appear to comprise multiple polypeptides that gave rise to a ∼400 kDa peak on a gel filtration column. Extracellular laccases had a non‐denaturing Mr of 100 kDa.

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“…Additionally, flasks with lower intracellular activity showed lower extracellular activity. Flask to flask variations in metabolism are inherent in P. chrysosporium cultures [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of multiple laccase isoforms by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown under nutrient sufficiency

Dittmer

Patel

Dhawale

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

100

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“…Therefore, dikaryotic species, such as Dichomitus squalens, can produce monokaryotic offspring with diverse genetic combinations. Strain improvement by cycles of basidiome production and crosses, without the need for mutagenesis, is a feasible approach to improve the ability of white-rot fungi to degrade lignin (Wyatt & Broda 1995). In this study, we explored this variation by analyzing the genetic variation, carbon source usage profile and enzyme activity profile of eight monokaryotic strains derived from a single dikaryon of D. squalens and compared these to the parental dikaryon, a new dikaryon generated from two of these monokaryons, and an unrelated dikaryon that was isolated in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional diversity in Dichomitus squalens monokaryons

et al. 2017

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Dichomitus squalens is a white-rot fungus that colonizes and grows mainly on softwood and is commonly found in the northern parts of Europe, North America, and Asia. We analyzed the genetic and physiological diversity of eight D. squalens monokaryons derived from a single dikaryon. In addition, an unrelated dikaryon and a newly established dikaryon from two of the studied monokaryons were included. Both growth and lignocellulose acting enzyme profiles were highly variable between the studied monokaryotic and dikaryotic strains, demonstrating a high level of diversity within the species.

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“…Unlike other Phanerochaete species, P. chrysosporium has an imperfect state, and it is in this imperfect state that the fungus has been most frequently collected from wood chip piles (13). Homokaryons derived from single basidiospores have generally displayed reduced growth rates and enzyme yields relative to the parental strain (60,83). This suggests that mating may actually be rare and that asexual reproduction by conidia may be more common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Mating-Type Locus Composed of Homeodomain Genes Promotes Nuclear Migration and Heterokaryosis in the White-Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

2011

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The white-rot basidiomycete fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Agaricomycetes) is a model species that produces potent wood-degrading enzymes. The mating system of the species has been difficult to characterize due to its cryptic fruiting habit and lack of clamp connections in the heterokaryotic phase. By exploiting the draft genome sequence, we reevaluated the mating system of P. chrysosporium by studying the inheritance and segregation of putative mating-type gene homologues, the homeodomain transcription factor genes (MAT-A) and the pheromone receptors (MAT-B). A pattern of mating incompatibility and fructification consistent with a bipolar system with a single MAT locus was observed, but the rejection response was much weaker than that seen in other agaricomycete species, leading to stable heterokaryons with identical MAT alleles. The homeodomain genes appear to comprise the single MAT locus because they are heterozygous in wild strains and hyperpolymorphic at the DNA sequence level and promote aspects of sexual reproduction, such as nuclear migration, heterokaryon stability, and basidiospore formation. The pheromone receptor loci that might constitute a MAT-B locus, as in many other Agaricomycetes, are not linked to the MAT-A locus and display low levels of polymorphism. This observation is inconsistent with a bipolar mating system that includes pheromones and pheromone receptors as mating-type determinants. The partial uncoupling of nuclear migration and mating incompatibility in this species may be predicted to lead to parasexual recombination and may have contributed to the homothallic behavior observed in previous studies.The mushroom-forming fungi, Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), have a mating system in which compatible haploid mycelia (homokaryons) exchange nuclei to form mated mycelia (heterokaryons) that are comprised of cells with two compatible nuclear types (mating types). Once mated, heterokaryons function as genetic diploids, but the two nuclear types divide together in an unfused state until karyogamy occurs in the basidial cells of the fruiting body immediately prior to meiosis and spore formation. In the model mushroom species (e.g., Coprinopsis cinerea and Schizophyllum commune), heterokaryons are termed dikaryons because each cell contains exactly two nuclei, but in a large number of Agaricomycetes species (e.g., 20 to 30% of the nongilled forms [10]), the hyphal cells of heterokaryons are multinucleate. In these fungi (variously termed multinucleate, plurinucleate, or holocenocytic), each cell presumably contains both mating types but a variable number of nuclei per cell, for example, up to 12 nuclei per cell were observed in the termite symbiont Termitomyces (15) and as many as 69 per cell in Wolfiporia extensa (34).In dikaryotic fungi, differentiating homokaryotic from heterokaryotic phases is readily accomplished by observing the characteristic clamp connections or hook cells that function in the maintenance of the binucleate state (43). In contrast, species with multinucleate heterok...

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Informed strain improvement for lignin degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Cited by 23 publications

References 48 publications

Production of multiple laccase isoforms by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown under nutrient sufficiency

Production of multiple laccase isoforms by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown under nutrient sufficiency

Functional diversity in Dichomitus squalens monokaryons

A Single Mating-Type Locus Composed of Homeodomain Genes Promotes Nuclear Migration and Heterokaryosis in the White-Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

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