Infrared Contributions of X-Ray Selected Active Galactic Nuclei in Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

Brown, Arianna; Nayyeri, Hooshang; Cooray, Asantha; Ma, Jingzhe; Hickox, Ryan C.; Azadi, Mojegan

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf73b

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…Above f AGN + 1σ f AGN > 20%, a criterion based on f AGN largely overlaps with the detection of hard X-ray photons in Chandra's 2−10 keV band (Fig. 4 in V20a; see also Brown et al 2019). Here 86% percent of the sample with f AGN + 1σ f AGN ≥ 20% has L 2−10 keV > 10 43 erg s −1 (not applying the modest 5−15% absorption corrections, Marchesi et al 2016).…”

Section: Widespread Agn Activity Affects the Dust Far-ir Emission Of Distant Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 62%

The effect of active galactic nuclei on the cold interstellar medium in distant star-forming galaxies

Valentino

Daddi

Puglisi

et al. 2021

A&A

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In the framework of a systematic study with the ALMA interferometer of IR-selected main-sequence and starburst galaxies at z ∼ 1 − 1.7 at typical ∼1″ resolution, we report on the effects of mid-IR- and X-ray-detected active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the reservoirs and excitation of molecular gas in a sample of 55 objects. We find widespread detectable nuclear activity in ∼30% of the sample. The presence of dusty tori influences the IR spectral energy distribution of galaxies, as highlighted by the strong correlation among the AGN contribution to the total IR luminosity budget (fAGN = LIR, AGN/LIR), its hard X-ray emission, and the Rayleigh-Jeans to mid-IR (S1.2 mm/S24 μm) observed color, with evident consequences on the ensuing empirical star formation rate estimates. Nevertheless, we find only marginal effects of the presence and strength of AGN on the carbon monoxide CO (J = 2, 4, 5, 7) or neutral carbon ([C I](3P1 − 3P0), [C I](3P2 − 3P1)) line luminosities and on the derived molecular gas excitation as gauged by line ratios and the full spectral line energy distributions. The [C I] and CO emission up to J = 5, 7 thus primarily traces the properties of the host in typical IR luminous galaxies. However, our analysis highlights the existence of a large variety of line luminosities and ratios despite the homogeneous selection. In particular, we find a sparse group of AGN-dominated sources with the highest LIR, AGN/LIR, SFR ratios, ≳3, that are more luminous in CO (5−4) than what is predicted by the L′CO(5-4)−LIR, SFR relation, which might be the result of the nuclear activity. For the general population, our findings translate into AGN having minimal effects on quantities such as gas and dust fractions and star formation efficiencies. If anything, we find hints of a marginal tendency of AGN hosts to be compact at far-IR wavelengths and to display 1.8 times larger dust optical depths. In general, this is consistent with a marginal impact of the nuclear activity on the gas reservoirs and star formation in average star-forming AGN hosts with LIR > 5 × 1011 L⊙, typically underrepresented in surveys of quasars and submillimeter galaxies.

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Section: Widespread Agn Activity Affects the Dust Far-ir Emission Of Distant Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 62%

The effect of active galactic nuclei on the cold interstellar medium in distant star-forming galaxies

Valentino

Daddi

Puglisi

et al. 2021

A&A

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“…AGNwarmed dust is shown to have the strongest contributions (> 30%) between rest-frame λ = 1.0 − 30 µm (e.g. Brown et al 2019), which could cause an overestimation of up to 60% in stellar mass for an individual galaxy. However, this is less of an issue for SED-derived stellar masses within the DSFG population (Micha lowski et al 2014).…”

Section: Sed Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of an Ultrared, Ultramassive Galaxy Cluster Core at z = 4

Long

Cooray

et al. 2020

ApJ

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Recent simulations and observations of massive galaxy cluster evolution predict that the majority of stellar mass build up happens within cluster members by z = 2, before cluster virialization. Protoclusters rich with dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z > 3 are the favored candidate progenitors for these massive galaxy clusters at z ∼ 0. We present here the first study analyzing stellar emission along with cold dust and gas continuum emission in a spectroscopically confirmed z = 4.002 protocluster core rich with DSFGs, the Distant Red Core (DRC). We combine new HST and Spitzer data with existing Gemini, Herschel, and ALMA observations to derive individual galaxy-level properties, and compare them to coeval field and other protocluster galaxies. All of the protocluster members are massive (> 10 10 M ), but not significantly more so than their coeval field counterparts. Within uncertainty, all are nearly indistinguishable from galaxies on the star-forming vs. stellar mass main-sequence relationship, and on the star formation efficiency plane. Assuming no future major influx of fresh gas, we estimate that these gaseous DSFGs will deplete their gas reservoirs in ∼ 300 Myr, becoming the massive quiescent ellipticals dominating cluster cores by z ∼ 3. Using various methodologies, we derive a total z = 4 halo mass of ∼ 10 14 M , and estimate that the DRC will evolve to become an ultra-massive cluster core of mass 10 15 M by z = 0.

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“…AGN activity is known to be present in DSFGs (Symeonidis et al 2013;Brown et al 2019) and can significantly impact derived physical properties, particularly stellar mass (Ciesla et al 2015;Salim et al 2016;Leja et al 2018). Thus, to improve the derived galaxy properties we chose to quantify the contribution of AGNs to the total predicted L IR .…”

Section: Agn Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

In pursuit of giants

Donevski

Lapi

Małek

et al. 2020

A&A

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The dust-to-stellar mass ratio (Mdust/M⋆) is a crucial, albeit poorly constrained, parameter for improving our understanding of the complex physical processes involved in the production of dust, metals, and stars in galaxy evolution. In this work, we explore trends of Mdust/M⋆ with different physical parameters and using observations of 300 massive dusty star-forming galaxies detected with ALMA up to z ≈ 5. Additionally, we interpret our findings with different models of dusty galaxy formation. We find that Mdust/M⋆ evolves with redshift, stellar mass, specific star formation rates, and integrated dust size, but that evolution is different for main-sequence galaxies than it is for starburst galaxies. In both galaxy populations, Mdust/M⋆ increases until z ∼ 2, followed by a roughly flat trend towards higher redshifts, suggesting efficient dust growth in the distant universe. We confirm that the inverse relation between Mdust/M⋆ and M⋆ holds up to z ≈ 5 and can be interpreted as an evolutionary transition from early to late starburst phases. We demonstrate that the Mdust/M⋆ in starbursts reflects the increase in molecular gas fraction with redshift and attains the highest values for sources with the most compact dusty star formation. State-of-the-art cosmological simulations that include self-consistent dust growth have the capacity to broadly reproduce the evolution of Mdust/M⋆ in main-sequence galaxies, but underestimating it in starbursts. The latter is found to be linked to lower gas-phase metallicities and longer dust-growth timescales relative to observations. The results of phenomenological models based on the main-sequence and starburst dichotomy as well as analytical models that include recipes for rapid metal enrichment are consistent with our observations. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that high Mdust/M⋆ is due to rapid dust grain growth in the metal-enriched interstellar medium. This work highlights the multi-fold benefits of using Mdust/M⋆ as a diagnostic tool for: (1) disentangling main-sequence and starburst galaxies up to z ∼ 5; (2) probing the evolutionary phase of massive objects; and (3) refining the treatment of the dust life cycle in simulations.

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Infrared Contributions of X-Ray Selected Active Galactic Nuclei in Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

Cited by 37 publications

References 150 publications

The effect of active galactic nuclei on the cold interstellar medium in distant star-forming galaxies

The effect of active galactic nuclei on the cold interstellar medium in distant star-forming galaxies

Emergence of an Ultrared, Ultramassive Galaxy Cluster Core at z = 4

In pursuit of giants

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