Infrared electric field sampled frequency comb spectroscopy

Kowligy, Abijith S.; Timmers, Henry; Lind, Alex; Elu, Ugaitz; Cruz, Flávio C.; Schunemann, Peter G.; Biegert, J.; Diddams, Scott A.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw8794

Cited by 142 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…As a result, spectroscopic measurement with OFCs has been explored over vast portions of the electro-magnetic spectrum, extending from the terahertz to the UV. A concerted effort has also been devoted toward coverage in the mid-IR region, to access stronger molecular cross-sections 49,53,56,57,84 , and OFC-based spectroscopy has also been reported on extensively in various review articles (see for example 50,[138][139][140] ). More specifically, direct spectroscopy with OFCs has been applied to study ultra-cold molecules 141 , human breath analysis 142 , time-resolved spectroscopy 143,144 , and highprecision molecular spectroscopy 145,146 .…”

Section: Ofc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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Optical frequency combs were developed nearly two decades ago to support the world's most precise atomic clocks. Acting as precision optical synthesizers, frequency combs enable the precise transfer of phase and frequency information from a high-stability reference to hundreds of thousands of tones in the optical domain. This versatility, coupled with nearcontinuous spectroscopic coverage from microwave frequencies to the extreme ultraviolet , has enabled precision measurement capabilities in both fundamental and applied contexts. This review takes a tutorial approach to illustrate how 20 years of source development and technology has facilitated the journey of optical frequency combs from the lab into the field. T he optical frequency comb (OFC) was originally developed to count the cycles from optical atomic clocks. Atoms make ideal frequency references because they are identical, and hence reproducible, with discrete and well-defined energy levels that are dominated by strong internal forces that naturally isolate them from external perturbations. Consequently, in 1967 the international standard unit of time, the SI second was redefined as 9,192,631,770 oscillations between two hyper-fine states in 133 Cs 1. While 133 Cs microwave clocks provide an astounding 16 digits in frequency/time accuracy, clocks based on optical transitions in atoms are being explored as alternative references because higher transition frequencies permit greater than a 100 times improvement in time/frequency resolution (see "Timing, synchronization, and atomic clock networks"). Optical signals, however, pose a significant measurement challenge because light frequencies oscillate 100,000 times faster than state-of-the-art digital electronics. Prior to 2000, the simplest method to access an optical frequency was via knowledge of the speed of light and measurement of its wavelength, accessible with relatively poor precision of parts in 10 7 using an optical wavemeter. For precision measurements seeking resolutions better than that offered by wavelength standards, large-scale frequency chains were used to connect the microwave definition of the Hertz, provided by the 133 Cs primary frequency reference near 9.2 GHz, to the optical domain via a series of multiplied and phase-locked oscillators 2. The most complicated of these systems required up to 10 scientists, 20 different oscillators and 50 feedback loops to perform a single optical measurement 3. Because of the complexity, frequency multiplication chains yielded one to two precision optical frequency measurements per year. In 2000, the realization of the OFC allowed for the replacement of these complex frequency chains with a

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Section: Ofc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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“…While this demonstration is performed in the near-infrared wavelength range, the concept can readily be translated to any other wavelength range where suitable comb sources are available 21,52 . Therefore, in the mid-infrared and other wavelength regimes where photo-detection is challenging, DCPAS can complement existing DCS approaches (e.g., those based on optical field sampling or up-conversion 53,54 ). Importantly, it can also operate on microscopic and even non-transparent samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-acoustic dual-frequency comb spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Photo-acoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is one of the most sensitive non-destructive analysis techniques for gases, fluids and solids. It can operate background-free at any wavelength and is applicable to microscopic and even non-transparent samples. Extension of PAS to broadband wavelength coverage is a powerful tool, though challenging to implement without sacrifice of wavelength resolution and acquisition speed. Here we show that dual-frequency comb spectroscopy (DCS) and its potential for unmatched precision, speed and wavelength coverage can be combined with the advantages of photo-acoustic detection. Acoustic wave interferograms are generated in the sample by dual-comb absorption and detected by a microphone. As an example, weak gas absorption features are precisely and rapidly sampled; long-term coherent averaging further increases the sensitivity. This novel approach of dualfrequency comb photo-acoustic spectroscopy (DCPAS) generates unprecedented opportunities for rapid and sensitive multi-species molecular analysis across all wavelengths of light.

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“…In the latter case, the peptide self-assembles into long nanofibers with hydrophobic inner cores which encapsulate a considerable amount of anticancer drugs. Raman [78], nitrogen vacancy single-molecule NMR [79], 2D IR and frequency comb IR [80]. It would be fascinating to study small peptide aggregation with these methodologies.…”

Section: Smart Delivery Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in short peptide self-assembly: from rational design to novel applications

Liao

Gong

et al. 2020

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science

110

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Due to their structural simplicity and robust self-assembled nanostructures, short peptides prove to be an ideal system to explore the physical processes of self-assembly, hydrogels, semi-flexible polymers, quenched disorder and reptation. Rational design in peptide sequences facilitates cost-effective manufacturing, but the huge number of possible peptides has imposed obstacles for their characterisation to establish functional connections to the primary, secondary and tertiary structures. This review aims to cover recent advances in the self-assembly of designed short peptides, with a focus on physical driving forces, design rules, characterisation methods and exemplar applications. Super-resolution microscopy in combination with modern image analysis have been applied to quantify the structure and dynamics of peptide hydrogels whilst SANS and ssNMR continue to provide valuable information on structures over complementary lengths. Short peptides are attractive in biomedicine and nanotechnology, e.g., as antimicrobials, anticancer agents, vehicles for controlled drug release, peptide bioelectronics and responsive cell culture materials.

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Infrared electric field sampled frequency comb spectroscopy

Cited by 142 publications

References 77 publications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

Photo-acoustic dual-frequency comb spectroscopy

Recent advances in short peptide self-assembly: from rational design to novel applications

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