Infrared image method for possible COVID-19 detection through febrile and subfebrile people screening

Brioschi, Marcos Leal; Neto, Carlos Dalmaso; Toledo, Marcos de; Neves, Eduardo Borba; Vargas, J.V.C.; Teixeira, Manoel Jacobsen

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103444

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The IRT was widely used in public places during the pandemic despite its controversial effectiveness. In a multicentre study, Briosch et al, 2023 [52], improved a method based on infrared imaging using artificial intelligence for screening febrile and subfebrile people, identifying suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 (+) with temperatures below 37.5 • C. Our study is the first to assess long-term COVID-19 using infrared thermography. The use of thermography in the early stages of the long COVID-19 would allow identifying those patients with higher temperatures to monitor their symptoms, allowing the tracking of inflammatory markers and early initiation of a treatment and/or rehabilitation program, avoiding the permanence of this syndrome for many months, as already registered in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Imbalance of Peripheral Temperature, Sympathovagal, and Cytokine Profile in Long COVID

Neves

Quaresma

Queiroz

et al. 2023

Biology

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A persistent state of inflammation has been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess short-term heart rate variability (HRV), peripheral body temperature, and serum cytokine levels in patients with long COVID. We evaluated 202 patients with long COVID symptoms categorized them according to the duration of their COVID symptoms (≤120 days, n = 81; >120 days, n = 121), in addition to 95 healthy individuals selected as controls. All HRV variables differed significantly between the control group and patients with long COVID in the ≤120 days group (p < 0.05), and participants in the long COVID ≤120 days group had higher temperatures than those in the long COVID >120 days group in all regions analysed (p < 0.05). Cytokine analysis showed higher levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), and lower levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) (p < 0.05). Our results suggest a reduction in parasympathetic activation during long COVID and an increase in body temperature due to possible endothelial damage caused by the maintenance of elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, high serum levels of IL-17 and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 appear to constitute a long-term profile of COVID-19 cytokines, and these markers are potential targets for long COVID-treatment and prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Imbalance of Peripheral Temperature, Sympathovagal, and Cytokine Profile in Long COVID

Neves

Quaresma

Queiroz

et al. 2023

Biology

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“…The non-invasive nature of the infrared thermography method makes it suitable for mass screening and monitoring in various settings, such as schools, public transport, and healthcare facilities. Rapid and accurate temperature assessment can help identify potential cases of fever early on, enabling timely isolation, testing, and treatment, thus reducing the risk of disease transmission [8,12]. Additionally, the use of the BTT • method can enhance the precision of fever monitoring in pediatric patients, aiding in the prompt diagnosis and management of infectious diseases, including those with atypical presentations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite the potential of infrared BTT • measurement to detect fever, a recent study has shown that average forehead (T fh,avg ) and eye temperatures above the 37.5 • C fever threshold (T fth ) are not sufficient to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the study found that suspicious and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cases with temperatures below the fever threshold (T fth ) were only identified by a proposed algorithm that utilizes artificial intelligence and facial infrared imaging [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The angular artery, which has three branches, originates from the ophthalmic artery (specifically the supratrochlear branch), and is located directly beneath the skin of the inner canthus. Because of the abundant vascular supply and consequent blood perfusion in this area, it has the potential to be a useful location for estimating core temperature [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared Imaging of the Brain-Eyelid Thermal Tunnel: A Promising Method for Measuring Body Temperature in Afebrile Children

De Meneck,

Santana,

Brioschi

et al. 2023

IJERPH

Self Cite

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(1) Infrared thermography of the inner canthus of the eye has emerged as a promising tool for temperature screening and fever diagnosis. Its non-invasive nature lends itself well to mass screening in diverse settings such as schools, public transport, and healthcare facilities. Swift and accurate temperature assessment plays a pivotal role in the early identification of potential fever cases, facilitating timely isolation, testing, and treatment, thereby mitigating the risk of disease transmission. Nonetheless, the reliability of this approach in the pediatric population, especially when compared to conventional thermometry methods, remains unexplored. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the concordance between the temperature of the inner canthus of the eye (Tic,eye), referred to as the brain-eyelid thermal tunnel (BTT°), with axillary and tympanic methods in afebrile children. (2) Methods: A cohort of 36 children, matched in a 1:1 ratio for gender and age, underwent comprehensive assessments encompassing anthropometric data, blood pressure evaluations, axillary (Tax) and tympanic (Tty) temperature measurements, as well as BTT° infrared thermography. (3) Results: The findings revealed a high level of concordance among the tympanic, axillary, and BTT° measurement methods. Bland–Altman plots showed that the bias was minimal, and no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing BTT° with axillary (p = 0.136) and tympanic (p = 0.268) measurements. Passing–Bablok regression scatter plots further confirmed the agreement, aligning the fitted regression line closely with the identity line for both axillary versus BTT° and tympanic (Tty) versus BTT° comparisons. (4) Conclusions: This study holds significant implications for public health, especially in the context of infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. BTT° infrared thermography of the inner canthus of the eye (Tic,eye) reliably measures body temperature in afebrile children in controlled settings; nevertheless, its practical application necessitates the adaptation of biothermodynamic parameters to accommodate diverse environmental conditions.

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“…136 patient samples were gathered and examined at the emergency room of the aforementioned hospital from June to September 2022 in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bbioschi et al [18] proposed a method that employs thermal imaging to examine persons with fevers or high temperatures was created to address society's needs and find a quick, novel, and efficient method to detect the infectious Cov-19. Out of 227,261 samples, 2,558 cases analyze workers in five different nations to assess the efficacy of the strategy and algorithm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Automated Unsupervised Learning Approach for Thermal Camera Calibration and An Accurate COVID-19 Human Temperature Tracking

Al-Azzawi

2024

Preprint

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During the past three years, people have suffered a lot from what the World Health Organization called the emerging Covid-19. The world lacked the means and methods for early detection of this virus, several methods were used traditional methods for detecting this virus, such as thermometers, a remote thermal detection gun, and other traditional methods. Most of these systems monopolized making profits or selling their camera products, as the prices of these cameras equipped with a temperature detection system exceeded three thousand dollars. An unsupervised model for real-time detection of thermal face skin temperature was proposed, despite the scarcity and availability of thermal video data, we found and used a database created at Nazarbayev University in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, which contains clips of thermal video and RGB video. Where the two different videos were calibrated, and the congruence was measured by two measures, SSIM and Correlation, and then four methods of registration were used to achieve perfect congruence, and the congruence was also measured through the two previous measures, and then the K-means method was used to extract clusters, and then functions for post-processing were built, then, the thermal face skin was extracted by multiplying the binary face into the thermal face, and the temperature of the face was calculated by taking the average values of the thermal face skin pixels and converting them from Fahrenheit to Celsius. Satisfactory results were obtained for us, as temperatures were detected for some cases within the normal range, others below the normal range, and others higher than this rate.

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Infrared image method for possible COVID-19 detection through febrile and subfebrile people screening

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Imbalance of Peripheral Temperature, Sympathovagal, and Cytokine Profile in Long COVID

Imbalance of Peripheral Temperature, Sympathovagal, and Cytokine Profile in Long COVID

Infrared Imaging of the Brain-Eyelid Thermal Tunnel: A Promising Method for Measuring Body Temperature in Afebrile Children

Fully Automated Unsupervised Learning Approach for Thermal Camera Calibration and An Accurate COVID-19 Human Temperature Tracking

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