Infrared-Image Processing for the DLR FireBIRD Mission

Halle, Winfried; Fischer, Christian; Terzibaschian, Thomas; Zell, A.; Reulke, Ralf

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3651-9_21

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This capability, controlled in real time, is related to one of the most important sensor features, namely maintaining an adequate signal-to-noise ratio over ambient pixels while providing unsaturated data over pixels exposed to even the most intense fire events. If on-board processing of the HSRS data indicates that detector elements are saturated during the first exposure (or are close to saturation such that they may be outside the range for which the channel calibration is most accurate), then a second exposure is performed with a reduced integration time [6,7].…”

Section: The Firebird Main Payloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Satellite Tools for High-Resolution Infrared Fire Monitoring

et al. 2022

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Space-borne infrared remote sensing specifically for the detection and characterization of fires has a long history in the DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems. In the year 2001, the first DLR experimental satellite, Bi-spectral Infrared Detection (BIRD), was launched after an intensive test period with cooled IR sensor systems on airborne systems. The main basis for the development of the FireBIRD mission with the two satellites, Technology Erprobungsträger No 1 (TET-1) and Bi-spectral-Infrared Optical System (BIROS), was the already space-proven sensor and satellite technology with successfully tested algorithms for fire detection and quantification in the form of the so-called fire radiation power (FRP). This paper summarizes the development principles for the IR sensor system of FireBIRD and the most critical design elements of the TET-1 and BIROS satellites, especially concerning the attitude control system—all very essential tools for high-resolution infrared fire monitoring. Key innovative tools necessary to increase the agility of small IR satellites are discussed.

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Section: The Firebird Main Payloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These so-called staggered line arrays allow for an improvement of the geometrical resolution. The function of staggered line arrays is well explained and illustrated in [7] on the basis of airborne IR data, and it is described in physical-mathematical terms in [9].…”

Section: Bi-spectral Sensors Of Tet-1 and Birosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Satellite Tools for High-Resolution Infrared Fire Monitoring

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“…The following examples for the combined utilization of data registered nearly simultaneously by operational satellite systems and by BIRD or FireBIRD were selected: MODIS “Terr”–BIRD data comparison in a fire scene in Siberia close to Lake Baikal—see [ 9 ], according to “grouping” N° 1 (in Table 3 ); MODIS “Aqua”–TET-1 data comparison in low-temperature peat fire scenes in Borneo—see (Atwood et al, 2016), according to “grouping N° 2”; TET-1–BIROS-VIIRS “Suomi NPP” data comparison for the devastating “Paradise fire” in California/the US—see [ 5 ], according to “grouping N°3”. …”

Section: Selected Application Examples—using Data Of Bird Firebird An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small German satellites Technologie-Erprobungs-Träger N° 1 (TET-1) and Bi-spectral InfraRed Optical System (BIROS) were piggyback launched in July 2012 and June 2016, respectively. Both satellites are part of the space segment of the FireBIRD mission, led by the DLR [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After data transmission to the ground station, the data samples with these double exposures are merged during the on-ground processing. This smart “Hot Area (HA) reconstruction” procedure preserves the 0.4 K and 0.2 K radiometric resolution in the MIR and TIR channels, respectively, and eliminates detector saturation for huge wildfires and strong volcanic lava eruptions [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Capabilities of Dedicated Small Satellite Infrared Missions for the Quantitative Characterization of Wildfires

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The main objective of this paper was to demonstrate the capability of dedicated small satellite infrared sensors with cooled quantum detectors, such as those successfully utilized three times in Germany’s pioneering BIRD and FireBIRD small satellite infrared missions, in the quantitative characterization of high-temperature events such as wildfires. The Bi-spectral Infrared Detection (BIRD) mission was launched in October 2001. The space segment of FireBIRD consists of the small satellites Technologie Erprobungs-Träger (TET-1), launched in July 2012, and Bi-spectral InfraRed Optical System (BIROS), launched in June 2016. These missions also significantly improved the scientific understanding of space-borne fire monitoring with regard to climate change. The selected examples compare the evaluation of quantitative characteristics using data from BIRD or FireBIRD and from the operational polar orbiting IR sensor systems MODIS, SLSTR and VIIRS. Data from the geostationary satellite “Himawari-8” were compared with FireBIRD data, obtained simultaneously. The geostationary Meteosat Third Generation-Imager (MTG-I) is foreseen to be launched at the end of 2022. In its application to fire, the MTG-I’s Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) will provide related spectral bands at ground sampling distances (GSD) of 3.8 µm and 10.5 µm at the sub-satellite point (SSP) of 1 km or 2 km, depending on the used FCI imaging mode. BIRD wildfire data, obtained over Africa and Portugal, were used to simulate the fire detection and monitoring capability of MTG-I/FCI. A new quality of fire monitoring is predicted, if the 1 km resolution wildfire data from MTG-1/FCI are used together with the co-located fire data acquired by the polar orbiting Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and possibly prospective FireBIRD-type compact IR sensors flying on several small satellites in various low Earth orbits (LEOs).

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