Background-Inherent to minimally invasive procedures are loss of tactile feedback and loss of three dimensional assessment. Tasks such as vessel identification and dissection are not trivial for the inexperienced laparoscopic surgeon. Advanced surgical imaging, such as 3-CCD (charge-coupled device) image enhancement, can be used to assist with these more challenging tasks and, in addition, offers a method to non-invasively monitor tissue oxygenation during surgery.