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Renal osteodystrophy alters metabolic activity and remodeling rate of bone and also may lead to different bone composition. The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of bone in high-turnover renal osteodystrophy patients by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI). Iliac crest biopsies from healthy bone (n ¼ 11) and patients with renal osteodystrophy (ROD, n ¼ 11) were used in this study. The ROD samples were from patients with hyperparathyroid disease. By using FTIRI, phosphate-toamide I ratio (mineral-to-matrix ratio), carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, and carbonate-to-amide I ratio (turnover rate/remodeling activity), as well as the collagen cross-link ratio (collagen maturity), were quantified. Histomorphometric analyses were conducted for comparison. The ROD samples showed significantly lower carbonate-to-phosphate ( p < .01) and carbonate-to-amide I ( p < .001) ratios. The spatial variation across the trabeculae highlighted a significantly lower degree of mineralization ( p < .05) at the edges of the trabeculae in the ROD samples than in normal bone. Statistically significant linear correlations were found between histomorphometric parameters related to bone-remodeling activity and number of bone cells and FTIRI-calculated parameters based on carbonate-to-phosphate and carbonate-to-amide I ratios. Hence the results suggested that FTIRI parameters related to carbonate may be indicative of turnover and remodeling rate of bone. ß 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.KEY WORDS: BONE COMPOSITION; HISTOMORPHOMETRY; FOURIER TRANSFORM; INFRARED; RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY; CARBONATE B one is a composite material consisting of a mineral phase (hydroxyapatite), an organic phase (collagen), noncollagenous proteins, lipids, and water. (1,2) Metabolic bone disease is a common term referring to a number of abnormalities caused by a broad spectrum of disorders. Most disorders lead to weakening of the bone or impaired bone function and are followed most often by altered bone mechanical properties. Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a chronic kidney disease that can be accompanied by different types of bone pathologies. ROD can lead to defective mineralization, altered bone morphology, and/or bone turnover. (3,4) Commonly, it is accompanied by hyperparathyroid disease, which is characterized by increased bone turnover. Patients with renal osteodystrophy may exhibit bone and joint pain, bone deformation, and spontaneous bone fractures. Bone biopsies followed by quantitative histomorphometry prevail as the ''gold standard'' for the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. (5)(6)(7) Histomorphometric analysis emphasizes increased amounts of osteoid and erosion surface and a larger amount of bone cells than what is present in normal bone. (8) However, the invasive nature of obtaining the biopsies, the required experience of the pathologists to identify the abnormalities, as well as the lack of standardized normal limits remain problematic.ROD also commonly results in lower bone ...
Renal osteodystrophy alters metabolic activity and remodeling rate of bone and also may lead to different bone composition. The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of bone in high-turnover renal osteodystrophy patients by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI). Iliac crest biopsies from healthy bone (n ¼ 11) and patients with renal osteodystrophy (ROD, n ¼ 11) were used in this study. The ROD samples were from patients with hyperparathyroid disease. By using FTIRI, phosphate-toamide I ratio (mineral-to-matrix ratio), carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, and carbonate-to-amide I ratio (turnover rate/remodeling activity), as well as the collagen cross-link ratio (collagen maturity), were quantified. Histomorphometric analyses were conducted for comparison. The ROD samples showed significantly lower carbonate-to-phosphate ( p < .01) and carbonate-to-amide I ( p < .001) ratios. The spatial variation across the trabeculae highlighted a significantly lower degree of mineralization ( p < .05) at the edges of the trabeculae in the ROD samples than in normal bone. Statistically significant linear correlations were found between histomorphometric parameters related to bone-remodeling activity and number of bone cells and FTIRI-calculated parameters based on carbonate-to-phosphate and carbonate-to-amide I ratios. Hence the results suggested that FTIRI parameters related to carbonate may be indicative of turnover and remodeling rate of bone. ß 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.KEY WORDS: BONE COMPOSITION; HISTOMORPHOMETRY; FOURIER TRANSFORM; INFRARED; RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY; CARBONATE B one is a composite material consisting of a mineral phase (hydroxyapatite), an organic phase (collagen), noncollagenous proteins, lipids, and water. (1,2) Metabolic bone disease is a common term referring to a number of abnormalities caused by a broad spectrum of disorders. Most disorders lead to weakening of the bone or impaired bone function and are followed most often by altered bone mechanical properties. Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a chronic kidney disease that can be accompanied by different types of bone pathologies. ROD can lead to defective mineralization, altered bone morphology, and/or bone turnover. (3,4) Commonly, it is accompanied by hyperparathyroid disease, which is characterized by increased bone turnover. Patients with renal osteodystrophy may exhibit bone and joint pain, bone deformation, and spontaneous bone fractures. Bone biopsies followed by quantitative histomorphometry prevail as the ''gold standard'' for the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. (5)(6)(7) Histomorphometric analysis emphasizes increased amounts of osteoid and erosion surface and a larger amount of bone cells than what is present in normal bone. (8) However, the invasive nature of obtaining the biopsies, the required experience of the pathologists to identify the abnormalities, as well as the lack of standardized normal limits remain problematic.ROD also commonly results in lower bone ...
This chapter introduces the field of vibrational spectroscopic imaging and discusses the advances made to date in terms of biomedical diagnosis. The reader is introduced to the spectral signatures of typical cellular components, and the need for an objective method for cancer diagnosis is discussed. Besides an overview of typical instrumentation and components, this chapter provides a working application, namely the diagnosis of metastatic cancer in lymph nodes. Through this application methods of sample preparation, data acquisition and data preprocessing and analysis are discussed.
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